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volume 44, issue 5, may 2023
1. title: differentiation in microenterprises
authors: natalie a. carlson
abstract: small unregistered firms contribute to a substantial proportion of global economic activity, particularly in developing regions. in explaining variation in productivity in these types of informal firms, research has focused primarily on the adoption of effective business practices and access to capital, with little focus on fundamental positioning. this article explores the nature of differentiation in microenterprises, introducing a text-based measure of differentiation using state-of-the-art sentence embeddings. using a combined sample of nearly 10,000 microenterprises across eight developing countries, i examine whether (and which) microenterprises differentiate, whether differentiation is related to performance (and for whom), and whether any existing policy interventions affect differentiation.
2. title: perceptions of political self-dealing? an empirical investigation of market returns surrounding the disclosure of politician stock purchases
authors: mirzokhidjon abdurakhmonov, roary e. snider, jason w. ridge, dinesh hasija
abstract: we investigate how congressional stock purchases may impact investor expectations of firm outcomes. specifically, we argue that because there is information asymmetry regarding how public policy may impact a firm and investors perceive that members of the u.s. congress possess insider governmental information and power over the regulatory landscape of a firm, a legislator's purchase of firm stock will generate abnormal returns. furthermore, we argue that this response will be greater if the congressperson has jurisdiction over the firm through committee assignments, and that the effect of jurisdiction will be strongest when the firm ties itself directly to the politician through political strategies (e.g., lobbying sponsored legislation, committee testimony, and political action committee contributions). we find support for many of our arguments in a broad sample of senator stock purchases between 2012 and 2020.
3. title: corporate social counterpositioning: how attributes of social issues influence competitive response
authors: aharon mohliver, donal crilly, aseem kaul
abstract: whilst existing research generally assumes corporate social responsibility (csr) is seen as universally positive, firms increasingly adopt practices, and take stands, on highly polarizing social issues (e.g., gun-control, lgbtq rights, abortion). to better understand this phenomenon, we develop a theory about when firms will emulate, ignore, or oppose each other's csr efforts, based on attributes of the underlying social issue (its salience and polarization), the level of market competition, and the substantiveness of csr. our theory predicts several distinct equilibrium outcomes, including the potential for social counter-positioning, whereby rival firms take advantage of socio-political polarization to horizontally differentiate by taking opposing stances on a polarizing issue. counterpositioning is more likely when salience is high, but agreement is low, when markets are competitive, and when csr is largely symbolic.
4. title: cascading innovation: r&d team design and performance implications of mobility
authors: melody h. chang
abstract: given the high cost of external hiring and uncertainty related to performance benefits, how can organizations foster an environment that maximizes the post-mobility performance of external hires and their collaborators? in this article, i posit that r&d team design is an important factor that could shape the post-mobility performances of both groups. building on the interfirm mobility, innovation, and teams literatures, i argue that technological knowledge diversity within teams and across teams could differently impact innovation performance. analyzing 63,976 interfirm moves of engineers and scientists, i find that the post-mobility performances of external hires and teammates are conditioned by team design. a high level of within-team diversity improves the performances of both groups, while a high level of across-team diversity hurts their innovation outcomes.
5. title: a rivalry-based theory of gender diversity
authors: john kenneth mawdsley, lionel paolella, rodolphe durand
abstract: we offer a rivalry-based perspective of gender diversity as a form of competitive action. we theorize that a firm adjusts its senior-level female representation when they identify business opportunities that may be seized by demonstrating alignment to gender parity expectations. examining u.s. corporate law firms and potential buyers of their services, we theorize and find that when the buyers of rivals of the focal firm increase their gender diversity, the focal firm responds by increasing its female partner representation. reinforcing the strategic approach to managing gender diversity, we also show that a focal firm reduces its gender-related response to rivals' buyers as the opportunity to attract those buyers decreases, and when the focal firm can use racial diversity as a credible substitute for gender diversity.
6. title: hitting reset: industry evolution, generational technology cycles, and the dynamic value of firm experience
authors: hakan ozalp, j.p. eggers, franco malerba
abstract: we study how the value of depth and breadth of experience shifts across generational technology cycles and industry evolution. experience breadth builds organizational flexibility that is valuable during technology transitions and when the industry is younger, while experience depth builds domain-specific resources that are important during periods of technology stability and later periods of industry evolution. we test our theory in the console game industry, where publishers face repeated periods of transition and stability across multiple console generations. we find support for most hypotheses, except that the value of breadth correlates with the magnitude of any transition instead of decreasing linearly over time. we contribute to research on the changing value of firm experience and to the understanding of generational technological change during industry evolution.
7. title: do employees' views matter in corporate governance? the relationship between employee approval and ceo dismissal
authors: danni wang, qi zhu, bruce j. avolio, wei shen, david waldman
abstract: as important stakeholders of a firm, employees are critical to firm success because they are directly engaged in strategy implementation. accordingly, we theorize that employees' views can impact assessment of the ceo by the board of directors beyond firm financial performance and security analysts' recommendations. specifically, we hypothesize that employee approval of a ceo's leadership is predictive of the board's ceo dismissal decision, particularly when there is relatively higher firm financial performance, more positive security analyst recommendations, and lower ceo power. using longitudinal data from 338 firms and 1,252 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2018, we found empirical support for the above predictions. our theory and supportive findings have important implications for research and practice regarding employee engagement, strategic leadership, and corporate governance.
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