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volume 82, issue 4, july/august 2022
1. title: compassion, bureaucrat bashing, and public administration
authors: szydlowski gabriela, de boer noortje and tummers lars
abstract: how citizens behave toward public sector workers is crucial for the well being and performance of workers. scholars have mainly focused on understanding negative citizen behaviors, such as aggression. we study a positive behavior, namely compassionate behavior. we study real compassionate behavior in the form of writing positive encouragement messages that are distributed to social workers in the field. we test if showing difficulties faced by public sector workers results in citizens writing more encouragement messages. we also test if bureaucrat bashing results in less encouragement messages. using a preregistered experiment among a representative sample of canadian citizens (n = 1,264), we find that showing public sector workers' struggles and imperfections makes citizens almost twice as likely to write an encouragement message. hence, showing your weakness can be a strength. bureaucrat bashing, however, has no effect. results show that citizens can be stimulated to act more positively toward public sector workers.
2. title: value creation in the public service ecosystem: an integrative framework
authors: osborne stephen p., powell madeline, cui tie and strokosch kirsty
abstract: this article develops the concept of the "public service ecosystem" across four levels�the institutional, service, individual, and beliefs levels. it does this by integrating service management and marketing theory with public administration and management theory. consequently, it explores both the dimensions of value and value creation within the public service ecosystem at each level, and the interactions and inter relationships across these levels. it concludes with the key implications for public administration and management theory and pactice.
3. title: bureaucratic representation, accountability, and democracy: a qualitative study of indigenous bureaucrats in australia and canada
authors: althaus catherine and o'faircheallaigh ciaran
abstract: using a qualitative study of indigenous public servants in canada and australia, this article helps open the "black box" of bureaucratic representation. findings dispel any idea that active representation is unproblematic for minority bureaucrats themselves. in fact, it exacts a high price with respect to working in isolation, confronting racism, facing formidable obstacles to pursue, or challenge policy processes and outcomes aligned with the interests of the communities from which they come and ultimately leading many to exit the bureaucracy or forego career opportunities. despite this, our findings show that indigenous bureaucrats bring about policy change that would not otherwise occur, and mechanisms of accountability are at work, within government and between bureaucrats and the communities from which they are drawn. indigenous bureaucratic leadership is valuable in bridging understanding between elected officials and communities and navigating respectfully the intersections of culture and power across the policy making process to the benefit of all citizens, to "country" and across generations. these findings imply that new inclusive models of representative bureaucracy are both necessary and desirable to make bureaucracy serve multicultural societies and constructively confront environmental crises in the modern era. evidence for practice: concepts that equate bureaucratic "partiality" with favoritism, oversimplify the way in which public servants consider, and manage tensions between minority interests they are assumed to "represent" and the wider public interest and democratic accountability.participants in our research are acutely aware of the need to balance two "lines of accountability" (to government and to their communities), and when the tension between the two cannot be managed, they beat a tactical retreat and wait for a more favorable opportunity, or, if this seems unlikely, they leave the public service.indigenous public servants promote the democratic project by actively involving otherwise disenfranchised members of society, including the perspectives of time and the land itself, in the policy making process. they make government and its processes understandable and help (re)build trust.
4. title: job vacancy and organizational performance: are senior managers or street level bureaucrats missed most?
authors: wightman g. breck, fernandez sergio and rutherford amanda
abstract: the field of public administration offers differing perspectives on the contributions of senior managers and street level bureaucrats to performance, focusing generally on the presence rather than absence of these actors in the policy process. this study explores whether job vacancies among senior managers and lower level employees affect service delivery and how any effects differ by type of employee. using panel data from south african local governments between 2011 and 2015, we estimate the effect of vacancies among senior managers and lower level employees on access to water, sewage, electricity, and solid waste. findings indicate job vacancies matter for performance and whether vacancies among senior managers or street level employees matter more depends on the type of service and how the delivery process is structured, including the degree of labor intensity involved in service delivery and whether the service is outsourced.
5. title: mitigating psychological costs�the role of citizens' administrative literacy and social capital
authors: d�ring matthias and madsen jonas krogh
abstract: a key claim in the administrative burden framework is that citizens do not experience interactions with public programs as equally burdensome. existing research has argued that citizens' generic human capital may influence the severity of these experiences. in this article, we argue that a specific form of human capital specific to interactions with public programs�administrative literacy�affects the psychological costs recipients are facing. specifically, we propose that administrative literacy is positively associated with autonomy maintenance in the face of burdensome rules, and that autonomy maintenance is negatively associated with stress. in doing so, we investigate a theoretically founded differentiation of psychological costs. we test these propositions using structural equation modeling on a unique survey of 915 unemployment insurance recipients in denmark. the findings support our arguments, suggesting that accumulation or training of program specific human capital may help recipients to cope with the strains of unemployment.
6. title: the retraction of policy benefits across us federal agencies: programmatic cutbacks and executive control of us federal grant retrenchments
authors: krause george a. and zarit matthew
abstract: this study analyzes an important and overlooked aspect of cutback budgeting affecting us federal agencies " reductions to existing us federal grant awards. because presidents face incentives for both executive accountability and effective administration, we predict that public agencies which are more responsive to presidential goals, as well as those led by more capable agency heads, shall experience less severe grant retrenchments. statistical analysis of approximately 745,000 grant retrenchments for the 1988�2008 period reveals that the distribution of these programmatic cutbacks is consistent with enhancing executive accountability, while also favoring policy effectiveness. agencies led by chief executives with considerable managerial specific expertise are associated with only increased reductions in grant retrenchments for small programmatic cuts to existing grants. these findings illustrate how presidents' strategy of executive administration seeks to limit programmatic cutbacks for more responsive federal agencies, and also for public organizations whose leaders exhibit higher levels of policy specific expertise.
7. title: who joins a forum and who does not? evaluating drivers of forum participation in polycentric governance systems
authors: angst mario, mewhirter jack, mclaughlin danielle and fischer, manuel
abstract: in polycentric governance systems, decisions that influence a given policy issue are often made across a series of forums: venues where actors meet to resolve collective action problems. here, we examine who does and does not participate in forums, and the factors driving that participation. we analyze forum participation patterns of 307 actors involved in swiss water governance, who could participate in water governance forums. we find that the majority of actors do not participate in any forums. results from a bayesian multilevel logistic regression model show that especially those concerned with a broader range of policy issues and those that have more organizational resources at their disposal are more likely to participate. to a lesser extent, this also holds for organizations that represent policy beliefs consistent with median beliefs in the system. a belief that increased cross sectoral coordination is needed to promote more effective governance does not have a discernible impact on participation. these results question the integrative characteristics often attributed to forums in polycentric governance more generally.
8. title: how do disadvantaged groups seek information about public services? a randomized controlled trial of communication technologies
authors: linos katerina, carlson melissa, jakli laura, dalma nadia and cohen isabelle, veloudaki afroditi and spyrellis stavros nikiforos
abstract: governments and ngos are switching to phone and internet based communication technologies to reduce costs and broaden access to public services. however, these technological shifts can backfire if they exacerbate administrative burden in high need communities. we conducted a randomized controlled trial in greece evaluating which communication mode best allows disadvantaged groups to solicit information about free services. subjects were 18 times more likely to use a prepaid postcard and eight times more likely to use a postcard requiring postage than a hotline or email to seek information about free dental care. focus groups indicate that low self efficacy greatly limits disadvantaged groups' willingness to use newer technologies for bureaucratic inquiries. we demonstrate that the administrative burden associated with technological shifts is larger than previously believed and that widespread psychological barriers include not only the stigma of welfare receipt, but also the stigma of mishandling a conversation with a bureaucrat. evidence for practice: scholarship on administrative burden underestimates both the magnitude and the types of challenges disadvantaged communities face when using new technologies to access free services.even in high literacy countries with extensive internet availability and widespread use of mobile phones for informal social communication, the switch to new technologies for aid provision creates major challenges for aid recipients.although phone and internet based communication technologies reduce costs for service providers, they impose sizable psychological burdens on disadvantaged communities that often lack confidence and technical skills to use these technologies for formal, bureaucratic communications.when designing outreach programming, service providers should consider using postcards and similar tools that place minimal informational and technological demands on disadvantaged communities and avoid the potential for uncomfortable interactions.
9. title: intergovernmental representation at different levels of government: the effect of gender representation
authors: park sanghee and charles mwihambi yesse
abstract: this study examines whether and where bureaucratic representation occurs within the bureaucratic hierarchy and how intergovernmental representation contributes to government efforts to reduce social disparities and improve gender related outcomes. the context is the national/central, ministerial, and regional governments of the united republic of tanzania for 14 years (2006 2019). the findings reveal that gender representation at the upper level of government plays a primary role in reducing poverty, but its impact on women's socioeconomic status, i.e., women's education and unemployment rate, is limited within the study context. the findings also highlight that the existence and the impact of intergovernmental representation depend on the primary missions of the government at different levels, policy outcomes of interest, and social contexts where identities are constructed and interpreted. this study claims that the potential interdependence of bureaucratic representation across multiple government agencies and institutions deserves more attention in the representative bureaucracy scholarship.
10. title: public preferences for disaster federalism: comparing public risk management preferences across levels of government and hazards
authors: wehde wesley and choi, junghwa
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