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volume 51, issue 10, december 2022
1. title: technology transfer from public research institutes to smes: a configurational approach to studying reverse knowledge flow benefits
authors: annapoornima m. subramanian, rohit nishant, vareska van de vrande, chang chieh hang
abstract: technology transfer from public research institutes (pris) to small and medium enterprises (smes) facilitated by intermediary agents such as research scientists and engineers (rses) has received limited attention. similarly, the literature on intermediary agents has overlooked the reverse knowledge flow benefits enjoyed by the rses who facilitate technology transfer. motivated by these gaps, we aim to answer the following research question: what characteristics and conditions of technology transfer determine the intangible benefits attained by technology transfer intermediary agents? to do so, we leverage the unique research context of the technology upgrading (t-up) transfer policy in singapore that commissions pris to impart technology capabilities in smes, facilitated by rses who move between organizations to carry out the transfer. supported by an in-depth field study and survey data from multiple stakeholders that participated in the technology transfer, we apply fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis (fsqca) to analyze the configuration of factors influencing the reverse knowledge flow benefits attained by the technology transfer intermediary agents. our findings on the mutually reinforcing nature of intermediary agent-recipient benefits have important implications for research and practice.
2. title: licensing standard-essential patents in the iot � a value chain perspective on the markets for technology
authors: joachim henkel
abstract: innovative industries need efficient markets for technology (mfts). one determinant of mft efficiency neglected until now is licensing level�that is, the level in the value chain where patents are licensed. patents may be licensed upstream, to firms that put the patented knowledge into practice. i refer to this as integrated licensing. alternatively, patents may be licensed further downstream in the value chain, in particular to makers of final devices. i call this bifurcated licensing since it separates intellectual property rights from the technical knowledge they cover. i study the licensing level of essential patents on communication standards such as lte and wi-fi in relation to the internet of things (iot). the choice of licensing level in this context is currently a hotly debated topic. to show how bifurcated licensing affects mft efficiency, i present empirical evidence from a qualitative study comprising interviews with 30 individuals from 22 diverse firms, focusing on startups. iot device makers clearly find the uncertainty regarding infringement, patent validity, and the licensing process hinders efficient licensing, which is compounded by the large number of iot device makers and, for smes and startups, by resource constraints. as a theory contribution, i show that a patent's licensing level need not correspond with the implementation level of the patented knowledge�in other words, licensing may be bifurcated rather than integrated. i develop a model of how licensing level affects mft efficiency. implications for practice are that device-level licensing of standard-essential patents (seps), if broadly implemented, would have a negative effect on innovation and entrepreneurship in the iot. policymakers should ensure that sep licensing is simplified.
3. title: overcoming inefficiencies in patent licensing: a method to assess patent essentiality for technical standards
authors: rudi bekkers, elena m. tur, joachim henkel, tommy van der vorst, ... jorge l. contreras
abstract: the market for patent licenses, despite its paramount importance for technological innovation, has various inefficiencies. a particular problem with widely used technical standards such as lte and wi-fi is the lack of information regarding which patents are �essential� to implement the standard. this information is crucial because it simplifies determining infringement and implies specific �frand� licensing rules. while many standards-developing organizations stipulate that such patents are explicitly declared, little is known about which are actually essential. the absence of publicly available information on essentiality incurs significant social costs due to the resulting friction in the licensing market. with the growing use and importance of standards to mobility and energy markets, and to the internet of things, these costs are likely to rise. responding to calls from industry, courts and policymakers, commercial and academic studies have attempted to assess essentiality, but they all have limitations. this paper reports on the technical feasibility of a system of expert assessments for patent essentiality. based on a factorial design, we conducted a field experiment with 20 patent examiners performing over 100 assessments. comparing the outcomes to a high-quality reference point shows that sufficiently accurate expert assessments, at a price level that allows large scale testing, are technically feasible, and we identify routes to further improvement.
4. title: mapping markush
authors: stefan wagner, christian sternitzke, sascha walter
abstract: markush structures are molecular skeletons containing not only specific atoms but also placeholders to represent broad sets of chemical (sub)structures. as genus claims, they allow a vast number of compounds to be claimed in a patent application without having to specify every single chemical entity. while markush structures raise important questions regarding the functioning of the patent system, innovation researchers have been surprisingly silent on the topic. this paper summarizes the ongoing policy debate about markush structures and provides first empirical insights into how markush structures are used in patent documents in the pharmaceutical industry and how they affect important outcomes in the patent prosecution process. while not causing frictions in the patent prosecution process, patent documents containing markush structures have an increased likelihood to restrict the patentability of follow-on inventions and to facilitate the construction of broad patent fences.
5. title: patents and knowledge diffusion: the impact of machine translation
authors: benjamin b�ttner, murat firat, emilio raiteri
abstract: one of the main rationales for the existence of the patent system is to encourage knowledge diffusion through the full disclosure of the technical knowledge embodied in a patented invention. yet, economists and legal scholars cast doubts on the validity of the disclosure theory. the empirical evidence on the actual benefits of the disclosure function remains limited. the present paper aims to expand our understanding of how information spreads via patent disclosure and exploits recent improvements in machine translation (mt) to identify the effect of broader access to patented knowledge. more specifically, the paper uses a unique natural experiment. in september 2013, google launched a major upgrade to its google patents service and added patent applications from the china national intellectual property agency (cnipa) to its searchable patent database. using a difference-in-differences approach, we show that the translation of the chinese patents into english resulted in an increase in citations received from patents filed by us inventors compared to a suitable control group comprising patents that google translated only in 2016. our results suggest that improved access to patented knowledge fosters knowledge diffusion.
6. title: artificial intelligence in science: an emerging general method of invention
authors: stefano bianchini, moritz m�ller, pierre pelletier
abstract: this paper offers insights into the diffusion and impact of artificial intelligence in science. more specifically, we show that neural network-based technology meets the essential properties of emerging technologies in the scientific realm. it is novel, because it shows discontinuous innovations in the originating domain and is put to new uses in many application domains; it is quick growing, its dimensions being subject to rapid change; it is coherent, because it detaches from its technological parents, and integrates and is accepted in different scientific communities; and it has a prominent impact on scientific discovery, but a high degree of uncertainty and ambiguity associated with this impact. our findings suggest that intelligent machines diffuse in the sciences, reshape the nature of the discovery process and affect the organization of science. we propose a new conceptual framework that considers artificial intelligence as an emerging general method of invention and, on this basis, derive its policy implications.
7. title: financial support to innovation: the role of european development financial institutions
authors: stefano cl�, marco frigerio, daniela vandone
abstract: we analyse the role of european development financial institutions (dfis) in supporting innovation by empirically investigating the impact of their participation as investors in equity deals on target firms' patenting activity. we build a unique international data set of deals and firm-level data in the years 2007�2019. econometric results highlight the positive contribution of dfis in mobilizing finance to support innovation, and the magnitude of this effect is amplified when dfis act in partnership with other investors. this represents novel evidence on the innovative-oriented mission driving their activity. these new findings point to the recent role of dfis in sharing the management of eu financial instruments, implementing programmes to strengthen the longer-term support of finance for enterprises, and boosting innovation and growth.
8. title: multidimensional experience and performance of highly skilled administrative staff: evidence from a technology transfer office
authors: dolores modic, jana suklan
abstract: experience defined in terms of time, scope, type, density and timing affect performance of highly skilled administrative staff. we apply a multidimensional model to the field of science commercialization as a typical multi-goal oriented process. we identify how different conceptualizations of experience models lead to diverse conclusions regarding their effects on facets of performance such as speed, efficiency and revenue. acknowledging multifaceted goals of science commercialization, we further contribute to the body of work on individual level factors regarding universities' commercialization performance. in this paper we provide evidence from the context of universities' commercialization efforts, relying on administrative records of a japanese university including 845 transfer cases over a 13-year period (2004�2016). by focusing on coordinators working in a technology transfer office, and the various measurement modes of their experience, we detect several important characteristics. while several experience components affect speed and efficiency of technology transfer, our results show that revenue is determined by interaction components.
9. title: towards a firm-level technological capability framework to endorse and actualize the fourth industrial revolution in developing countries
authors: jahan ara peerally, fernando santiago, claudia de fuentes, sedigheh moghavvemi
abstract: an essential precondition for developing countries to engage in the fourth industrial revolution (4ir) is to accelerate the creation and accumulation of firm-level technological capabilities necessary for digital transformation. through an analysis of secondary data collected from a systematic review of the 4ir literature, we build on lall's (1992) and bell and pavitt's (1995) frameworks, to develop an updated framework of firm-level technological capabilities which accounts for the refined set of human and organizational activities and resources required by firms for the uptake of 4ir technologies and processes along their digital transformation journey. the framework proposes four levels of increasingly complex technological capabilities across six thematic groups of technological and organizational functions. the framework represents an initial basis for examining the micro-level capabilities required by firms to launch, endorse and actualize the 4ir. our analysis leads to a definition of 4ir firm-level technological capabilities which better reflects the new realities of this revolution. we discuss the implications of the proposed framework, and we conclude with the contributions of our study from the academic, policy and management perspectives.
10. title: what makes a productive ph.d. student?
authors: alberto corsini, michele pezzoni, fabiana visentin
abstract: this paper investigates how the social environment to which a ph.d. student is exposed during her training relates to her scientific productivity. we investigate how supervisor and peers' characteristics are associated with the student's publication quantity, quality, and co-authorship network size. unique to our study, we cover the entire ph.d. student population of a european country for all the stem fields analyzing 77,143 students who graduated in france between 2000 and 2014. we find that having a productive, mid-career, low-experienced, female supervisor who benefits from a national grant is positively associated with the student's productivity. furthermore, we find that having few productive freshman peers and at least one female peer is positively associated with the student's productivity. interestingly, we find heterogeneity in our results when breaking down the student population by field of research.
11. title: beyond innovation and deployment: modeling the impact of technology-push and demand-pull policies in germany's solar policy mix
authors: alejandro nu�ez-jimenez, christof knoeri, joern hoppmann, volker h. hoffmann
abstract: governments around the world try to accelerate sociotechnical change toward sustainability by introducing policy mixes that combine technology-push and demand-pull instruments. beyond innovation and deployment, other objectives, such as domestic job and industry creation, are usually part of these policy mixes. however, little is known about how policy mixes should be designed and interactions between policy instruments considered when governments try to achieve multiple objectives simultaneously. we address these questions using an agent-based model of the sociotechnical system for solar photovoltaics in germany that simulates technology adoption, industry dynamics, international spillovers and trade. by changing public spending on research and development and the solar feed-in tariff, forty-five variations of the historical policy mix in germany are systematically evaluated. the results show that a narrow focus on innovation and deployment outcomes by academic researchers can lead to recommendations for the design of policy mixes that compromise key dimensions of sociotechnical change, such as job creation. moreover, the simulations reveal that, because of path-dependent interactions between policy instruments, minor changes in the design of policy instruments can lead to vastly different policy outcomes. these findings have important implications for the literature on policy mixes, technology-push and demand-pull instruments, and sociotechnical transitions.
12. title: the innovative impact of public research institutes: evidence from italy
authors: simone robbiano
abstract: this paper leverages on the establishment of italian institute of technology (iit) as a policy change useful to understand the causal effect of public-funded research centres on the regional innovative capacity. by relying on the synthetic control method (scm) approach and italian nuts-3 panel data, empirical results suggest that the establishment of iit has positively impacted on regional innovation and high-skilled human capital, as well as on regional growth. the paper also provides evidence of knowledge spillovers from iit within the hosting region. finally, these results are robust to a variety of placebo permutation tests as well as several sensitivity checks, or when considering a difference-in-differences (did) approach.
13. title: technological paradigms, labour creation and destruction in a multi-sector agent-based model
authors: g. dosi, m.c. pereira, a. roventini, m.e. virgillito
abstract: this paper presents an agent-based model (abm) of endogenous arrival of technological paradigms and new sectors entailing different patterns of labour creation and destruction, as well as of consumption dynamics. the model, building on the labour-augmented k s abm, addresses the long-term patterns of labour demand emerging from heterogeneous forms of technical change. it provides a multi-level, integrated perspective on so called scenarios of the future of work, currently often restricted or to firm-level or to short-time sectoral analyses, and studies the conditions under which labour creation and destruction tend to balance. it is a relatively fair and stable distribution of income granted by a fordist-type of regulation of the labour market that guarantees that the model never reaches stages of persistent technological unemployment. on the contrary, a systematic mismatch between production and consumption spheres emerges out of a competitive (post-fordist) wage-labour nexus, wherein the labour shedding effect of process innovation tends to prevail over the labour creating effect of product innovation.
14. title: discussants
authors: michael e. rose, daniel c. opolot, co-pierre georg
abstract: we study the role of informal collaboration in academic knowledge production using published research papers previously presented and discussed at the nber summer institute. we show that papers that have a discussant are published in highly-ranked journals and are more likely to be published in a top journal. conditional on having a discussant, the quality of a paper�s journal outlet increases in the discussant�s prolificness and editorial experience. this supports the idea that discussants help reduce information asymmetries that are inherent in the academic publication process. conversely, using social network analysis we find no evidence that citations accumulate because discussants diffuse information about the paper.
15. title: mobilizing the transformative power of research for achieving the sustainable development goals
authors: oscar yandy romero goyeneche, matias ramirez, johan schot, felber arroyave
abstract: this paper addresses the important question of how research can support the implementation of the united nations 17 sustainable development goals (sdgs) set out in the 2030 agenda. much attention on this topic has so far coalesced around understanding and measuring possible synergies and trade-offs that emerge in the sdgs. we contribute to this discussion by arguing that it is necessary to move towards a focus on how sdgs are enabling transformative change. a conceptual approach is presented based on the notion that research should build bridges across three types of sdgs: ones that reflect socio-technical system change, directionality, and framework conditions. this proposition is explored empirically through a case study of mexican scientific knowledge production using methods from bibliometric and social network analysis. our results can help to provide a diagnostic of how knowledge production is contributing to the sdgs and can be used in science, technology and innovation policy, in particular transformative innovation policy.
16. title: a helping hand from the government? how public research funding affects academic output in less-prestigious universities in china
authors: nannan yu, yueyan dong, martin de jong
abstract: universities play an important role in any scientific and technological innovation system. previous studies have indicated that more generous public research funding resulted in higher research output in universities. our study, however, proposes that the positive impact of public funds is much weaker in less-prestigious universities than in prestigious ones, and that overdependence on public research funding in fact even hurts academic output quality in less-prestigious universities. we find evidence for this claim in a dataset from among chinese 622 universities in the period 2010�2017. the negative correlation between high dependence on public research funding and academic output quality is not uniform but depends on specific conditions. it is likely to be weaker in less-prestigious research-oriented universities and in less prestigious universities dedicated to fundamental research. moreover, we find that for them collaboration with top universities and a high proportion of senior scientists can mitigate the negative impact that high dependence on public research funding has on academic output quality and improve the efficiency in the spending of public funds. our study contributes to the literature by highlighting differences between prestigious and less-prestigious universities in terms of how public funds affect academic output and by evaluating the impact of government involvement in scientific research at the university-level and it is the first study globally to do so.
17. title: innovating into trouble: when innovation leads to customer complaints
authors: stephen roper, jane bourke
abstract: this paper examines the unintended consequences of innovation. we show that innovative activity can have adverse outcomes in the form of increased customer complaints with the potential for reputational and financial damage. complaints may arise directly from adverse reactions to innovative services or indirectly from service failures where firms over-prioritise innovation. our empirical analysis focuses on legal services in england and wales. survey data on innovation by legal service providers is matched with complaints data from the legal ombudsman for england and wales. this allows us to identify the links between innovation activity and subsequent customer complaints. our analysis reveals that higher levels of innovation activity increase the probability and number of consumer complaints. we identify how firms can reduce the potential for consumer complaints by adopting collaborative innovation strategies. in addition, firms with international competitors are less likely to face complaints. our results have strategic, regulatory and policy implications.
18. title: do scientific capabilities in specific domains matter for technological diversification in european regions?
authors: pierre-alexandre balland, ron boschma
abstract: do scientific capabilities in regions translate into technological leadership? this is one of the most pressing questions in academic and policy circles. this paper analyzes the matching of scientific and technological capabilities of 285 european regions. we build on patent and publication records to identify regions that lie both at the scientific and technological frontiers (strongholds), that are pure scientific leaders, pure technological leaders, or just followers in 18 domains. our regional diversification model shows that local scientific capabilities in a domain are a strong predictor of the development of new technologies in that domain in regions. this finding is particularly relevant for the smart specialization policy because it implies that the analysis of domain-specific scientific knowledge can be a powerful tool to identify new diversification opportunities in regions.
19. title: bridging cognitive scripts in multidisciplinary academic spinoff teams: a process perspective on how academics learn to work with non-academic managers
authors: ziad el-awad, anna brattstr�m, nicola breugst
abstract: this paper introduces a process model of how academics learn to bridge different cognitive scripts, thereby learning to collaborate with non-academic managers in the context of multidisciplinary academic spinoff (aso) teams. whereas prior research has taken a static perspective, showing that cooperation in aso teams is challenging due to differences in cognitive scripts, we take a dynamic perspective, leveraging rich, longitudinal data on a single case to theorize how such cooperative challenges can be overcome. we reveal two aspects of this process. one is cognitive and intrapersonal, in which academics reconsider their own beliefs and understandings of their venture and the commercial world. the other is social and interpersonal, in which academics reconsider the way they collaborate with others.
20. title: standing your ground: examining the signaling effects of patent litigation in university technology licensing
authors: sam horner, nikolaos papageorgiadis, wolfgang sofka, sofia angelidou
abstract: the licensing of university technologies to private firms has become an important part of the technology transfer mission of many universities. an inherent challenge for the technology licensing of universities is that potential licensees find it difficult to judge the early stage technologies and their ultimate commercial value. we reason that patent litigation against universities can have unintended signaling effects about the commercial value of its technologies and results in increased licensing income for the university. we ground this hypothesis in theory integrating signaling mechanisms from patent enforcement research into theoretical models explaining university technology licensing. within our logic, the public and costly nature of patent litigation against universities creates strong, credible signals to potential licensees about the technologies of a university even if the signal was not created for that specific purpose. we isolate the signaling mechanism that is central to our theorizing by exploring two moderation factors that reveal additional information to potential licensees, i.e. the licensing track-record of the university and whether the lawsuit involves private firms as co-defendants. we test our theory with a unique dataset of 157 us universities and the 1408 patent infringement cases in which they were involved as defendants over the period 2005�2016. results show that defending against claims of patent infringement enhances technology licensing revenues, particularly when universities are already adept at licensing technology and when they are co-defendants with private firms.
21. title: exploring entrepreneurial innovation in ethiopia
authors: christopher williams, atsede tesfaye hailemariam, gayle allard
abstract: we explore the process of innovation as experienced by entrepreneurs in ethiopia in order to gain new insights from a challenging setting for innovation that has been under-represented in the literature. guided by two streams of literature � the contextual view of entrepreneurial innovation and the innovation process literature � we examine the accounts of entrepreneurial selection and strategic choices as narrated by 15 ethiopian innovators pursuing diverse opportunities. analysis of 77,000 words of text offers a rich data structure that adds substantive detail to the contextual view of entrepreneurial innovation. an emerging process model not only emphasizes economic with societal outcomes but also national citizenship reinforcement at the level of the individual entrepreneur. policy recommendations are presented to deal with contradictions between government proclamations to encourage innovative new start-ups, and the actual accounts of the entrepreneurs as they deal with obstacles in different contexts.
22. title: generic competition and the incentives for early-stage pharmaceutical innovation
authors: lee branstetter, chirantan chatterjee, matthew j. higgins
abstract: what impact has rising generic competition had on the nature and direction of pharmaceutical innovation? we find broad-based, strong evidence that pharmaceutical companies have diverted their new drug development efforts away from therapeutic markets already well-served by generic drugs. we also find that increasing generic competition induces firms to shift their r&d activity toward more biologic-based products and away from chemical-based products. we conclude by discussing potential implications of our results for long-run innovation policy.
23. title: does income redistribution impede innovation?
authors: michal brzezinski
abstract: economic inequalities have increased in many countries since the 1980s, provoking calls for more income redistribution. one argument against increased redistribution is that it could hamper innovation and technological progress. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that empirically investigates the relationship between government redistributive policies at the top of income distribution and innovative activity using new, high-quality, cross-country comparable panel data on income redistribution from the distributional national accounts. this study analyzes data from 34 advanced and emerging countries between 1980 and 2010. we find that redistribution has no negative impact on innovation in the cross-country setting. this result is robust to various measures of income redistribution and patent-based indicators of innovation, including patent counts, patent citations, and patent originality.
24. title: why do firms publish? a systematic literature review and a conceptual framework
authors: daniele rotolo, roberto camerani, nicola grassano, ben r. martin
abstract: in this paper, we address the question of �why do firms publish scientific papers?�. research examining the competitive advantages that firms accrue from investment in r&d has provided evidence that such efforts can be associated with the voluntary disclosure of research findings in scientific publications. this form of scientific openness occurs despite potentially undermining the value-capturing process by generating knowledge spillovers and hindering the use of other instruments for protecting intellectual property (patents and secrecy). our understanding of what leads firms to engage in scientific publishing remains relatively limited, however. we address this gap by presenting a systematic review of 164 studies examining firm publishing. we then develop a conceptual framework that outlines five incentives for firms to engage in publishing: (i) accessing external knowledge and resources; (ii) attracting and retaining researchers; (iii) supporting ip strategies; (iv)building the firm's reputation; and (v) supporting commercialization strategies. mechanisms that relate incentives to publish to firms' major stakeholders � i.e. academia, industry, investors, users, and institutions � are also outlined in the framework. we conclude by setting out an agenda for future research.
25. title: who games metrics and rankings? institutional niches and journal impact factor inflation
authors: kyle siler, vincent larivi�re
abstract: ratings and rankings are omnipresent and influential in contemporary society. individuals and organizations strategically respond to incentives set by rating systems. we use academic publishing as a case study to examine organizational variation in responses to influential metrics. the journal impact factor (jif) is a prominent metric linked to the value of academic journals, as well as career prospects of researchers. since scholars, institutions, and publishers alike all have strong interests in affiliating with high jif journals, strategic behaviors to �game� the jif metric are prevalent. strategic self-citation is a common tactic employed to inflate jif values. based on empirical analyses of academic journals indexed in the web of science, we examine institutional characteristics conducive to strategic self-citation for jif inflation. journals disseminated by for-profit publishers, with lower jifs, published in academically peripheral countries and with more recent founding dates were more likely to exhibit jif-inflating self-citation patterns. findings reveal the importance of status and institutional logics in influencing metrics gaming behaviors, as well as how metrics can affect work outcomes in different types of institutions. while quantitative rating systems affect many who are being evaluated, certain types of people and organizations are more prone to being influenced by rating systems than others.
26. title: firm r&d investment and export market exposure
authors: bettina peters, mark j. roberts, van anh vuong
abstract: we study differences in the returns to r&d investment between german manufacturing firms that sell in international markets and firms that only sell in the domestic market. using firm-level data for five high-tech manufacturing sectors, we estimate a dynamic structural model of a firm's discrete decision to invest in r&d and use it to measure the difference in expected long-run benefit from r&d investment for exporting and domestic firms. the results show that r&d investment leads to higher rates of product and process innovation among exporting firms and these innovations have a larger economic return in export market sales than domestic market sales. as a result of this higher payoff to r&d investment, exporting firms invest in r&d more frequently than domestic firms, and this endogenously generates higher rates of productivity growth. we use the model to simulate the introduction of export and import tariffs on german exporters, and find that a 20 % export tariff reduces the long-run payoff to r&d by 24.2 to 46.9 % for the median firm across the five industries. overall, export market sales contribute significantly to the firm's return on r&d investment which, in turn, raises future firm value, providing a source of dynamic gains from trade.
27. title: there and back again: revisiting vannevar bush, the linear model, and the freedom of science
authors: jamie shaw
abstract: despite its age, vannevar bushs science: the endless frontier has remained a touchstone for science funding policy discussions. more specifically, many claim that bush ushered in a new �social contract� that allowed scientists to freely choose projects in accordance with their own interests while promising deliverables for the society that funds scientific institutions. despite the prominence of the endless frontier, there are countless interpretations of its argumentative structure. building off others, i develop an interpretation of how the linear model relates to the freedom of science in sef. i critically assess this view and argue that it provides a valuable starting point for a social contract for the 21st century. to accomplish this, i clarify bush's stance on the linear model and show that it bypasses the most common objections against its plausibility, consider the relationship between bush's conception of the freedom of science and the rise of citizen science, and articulate a more nuanced approach to government intervention in research priority setting.
28. title: the impact of geotargeting on household information acquisition: evidence from a google news redesign
authors: kai du, jinyuan song
abstract: this paper examines how geotargeting influences the geographic patterns of households' information acquisition. we find that the 2010 redesign of the us edition of google news, which added a strip of geotargeted local news content, had a significant impact on households' acquisition of securities and exchange commission (sec) filings of local companies relative to nonlocal companies. the impact is more pronounced in zip codes where households make more equity investments, and when companies have more newsworthy events. we also show that the impact is attenuated over time. similar effects are documented using an alternative web traffic dataset from comscore. finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for user data privacy regulations that govern geotargeting practices.
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29. title: towards sustainable futures: a review of 'sustainable futures: an agenda for action, raphael kaplinsky, in: polity. (2021)
authors: slavo radosevic
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