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volume 72, issue 4, july/august 2012
1. title: public administration scholarship and the politics of coproducing academic�practitioner research
authors: kevin orr and mike bennett
abstract: developing greater cooperation between researchers and practitioners is a long-standing concern in social science. academics and practitioners working together to coproduce research offers a number of potential gains for public administration scholarship, but it also raises some dilemmas. the benefits include bringing local knowledge to bear on the field, making better informed policy, and putting research to better use. however, coproduction of research also involves managing ambiguous loyalties, reconciling different interests, and negotiating competing goals. the authors reflect on their experience of coproducing a research project in the united kingdom and discuss the challenges that coproducers of research confront. they situate the discussion within a consideration of traditions of public administration scholarship and debates about the role of the academy to understand better the politics of their joint practice. thinking about the politics of coproduction is timely and enables the authors to become more attuned to the benefits and constraints of this mode of research.
2. title: do debt levels influence state borrowing costs?
authors: mark d. robbins, bill simonsen
abstract: this article reports on research into the possible interest cost penalties when state governments impose increasingly high debt levels on their citizens. the potential effect of debt levels on borrowing costs is a material one, given the large amounts of state debt outstanding. at the same time that government borrowing is heavy, the demand for government obligations also appears to be strong. the authors examine state debt levels and borrowing costs over a six-year period (2001�2006) and find little evidence of such an effect, despite rapidly growing debt burdens. those concerned about state debt levels, the authors say, must look to sources other than investors for pressure to reduce debt issuance.
3. title: enhancing and measuring organizational capacity: assessing the results of the u.s. department of justice rural pilot program evaluation
authors: mitchell brown
abstract: a significant goal of public administrators in this era of shrinking public funds has been to find ways to enhance and measure organizational capacity and sustainability with minimal outlays of resources. one attempt to address this goal was the rural pilot program, funded by the office of violence against women in the u.s. department of justice. based on the evaluation of the program, this article (1) describes how capacity was measured, (2) discusses the validation and utility of a self-administered instrument, and (3) examines whether and to what extent organizational capacity is enhanced by an intermediary funding model. modest positive changes were found in two areas�organizational staffing and information technology�but no changes were found in other areas. the article concludes with recommendations for designing future programs to enhance capacity and sustainability and for public administrators and grant makers in utilizing self-administered capacity instruments.
4. title: policy alienation of public professionals: the construct and its measurement
authors: lars tummers
abstract: currently, there is an intense debate on the pressures facing public professionals during policy implementation. frequently, professionals have difficulty identifying with new policies, resulting in diminished policy performance. the author examines this problem using the concept of �policy alienation� and develops and tests a scale for its measurement. policy alienation is associated conceptually with five subdimensions: strategic powerlessness, tactical powerlessness, operational powerlessness, societal meaninglessness, and client meaninglessness. a policy alienation scale was using a survey of 478 dutch health care professionals implementing a new financial policy, diagnosis related groups. the resulting 23-item policy alienation scale demonstrated good psychometric qualities. a reliable and valid policy alienation scale can help in understanding and enhancing policy performance.
5. title: understanding shared roles in policy and administration: an empirical study of council-manager relations
authors: tansu demir, christopher g. reddick
abstract: recent literature in public administration emphasizes enhanced collaboration between elected and administrative officials. the complementarity view is presented as an alternative to the traditional politics�administration dichotomy. at the center of this new perspective lies the concept of shared roles between elected officials and public administrators with respect to policy making and administration. this article expands the emerging literature on role sharing by proposing and testing new variables to understand what enhances the policy-making role of city managers and the administrative role of elected officials. employing data collected from a nationwide survey of city managers and utilizing structural equation modeling methodology, this research finds that the council�s expectations and the city manager�s role conception significantly influence the city manager�s involvement in policy making, while the context of policy making, the city manager�s support, and the council�s access to resources affect elected officials� involvement in administration. this article aims to make a cumulative contribution to the literature on role sharing.
6. title: emergency management research and practice in public administration: emergence, evolution, expansion, and future directions
authors: louise k. comfort, william l. waugh and beverly a. cigler
abstract: in 1984, the federal emergency management agency (fema) and the national association of schools of public affairs and administration (naspaa) collaborated to foster a community of scholars focused on research and professional practice in emergency management. the intent was to build a community of researchers and professional practitioners who would support improved performance for an increasingly challenging set of problems confronting emergency managers at all levels of jurisdiction. the financial investment was small, but the naspaa/fema initiative led to the evolution of a community of scholars engaged in emergency management research and professional practice. the authors review changes in fema since the 1984 workshop and the impact of the naspaa/fema fellows on research and practice in emergency management, placing this initiative in the wider context of public administration.
7. title: benefiting from public sector innovation: the moderating role of customer and learning orientation
authors: torsten oliver salge and antonio vera
abstract: this article examines whether the payoff from engaging in innovation-generating activities is contingent on an organization's level of customer and learning orientation. the authors suggest that innovative activity is associated with higher public service quality when the level of customer and learning orientation within the focal organization is high. they test this hypothesis by drawing on a novel panel data set covering all public nonspecialist hospital organizations in england. using dynamic panel data estimation techniques, the authors find strong support for a direct relationship between innovative activity and public service quality and for a moderating role of both customer and learning orientation. these findings call for a contingency perspective on public sector innovation and highlight some of the boundary conditions that need to be in place if public service organizations are to benefit fully from their innovative activities.
8. title: developing and testing a theoretical framework for computer-mediated transparency of local governments
authors: stephan g. grimmelikhuijsen and eric w. welch
abstract: this article contributes to the emerging literature on transparency by developing and empirically testing a theoretical framework that explains the determinants of local government web site transparency. it aims to answer the following central question: what institutional factors determine the different dimensions of government transparency? the framework distinguishes three dimensions of transparency�decision making transparency, policy information transparency, and policy outcome transparency�and hypothesizes three explanations for each: organizational capacity, political influence, and group influence on government. results indicate that each dimension of transparency is associated with different factors. decision-making transparency is associated with political influence; when left-wing parties are strong in the local council, local government tends to be more transparent. policy information transparency is associated with media attention and external group pressure, and policy outcome transparency is associated with both external group pressure and the organizational capacity. the authors discuss the implications for policy and administration.
9. title: public service motivation (psm) and support for citizen participation: a test of perry and vandenabeele�s reformulation of psm theory
authors: david coursey, kaifeng yang and sanjay k. pandey
abstract: this article examines how public service motivation (psm) relates to public managers� attitudes toward citizen participation. perry and vandenabeele suggest that psm effects are moderated and/or mediated by self-regulation and by the salience of an activity to self-identity. using data from phase iv of the national administrative studies project, latent model results suggest a direct, positive relationship between psm and citizen participation evaluation. the relationship is not mediated by value congruence but rather is moderated by the perceived importance of the organization�s citizen participation efforts. the moderating effect has three interpretations: (1) psm has a stronger relationship to evaluation as citizen participation becomes more important in the agency; (2) at low and medium psm levels, the greater the importance of citizen participation, the lower its evaluation; or (3) at high psm levels, the greater the importance of citizen participation, the higher its evaluation. this suggests that psm is more germane for activities such as citizen participation, invoking relevant values as perceived organizational commitment increases.
10. title: socializer or signal?, how agency accreditation affects organizational culture
authors: manuel p. teodoro and adam g. hughes
abstract: agency accreditation has grown steadily as a management strategy in recent decades. accreditation is meant to help professionalize public administration work by requiring an agency to adopt policies and practices that are sanctioned by an external organization. advocates claim that accreditation facilitates the diffusion of best practices and builds a culture of professionalism in an agency. accreditation clearly leads agencies to adopt formal policies. this article identifies two ways in which accreditation might affect organizational culture: (1) by socializing employees, and (2) by signaling the agency�s priorities to employees. analyzing attitudinal data from officers in six american police departments, this study finds no association between accreditation and officers� own values, but finds that accreditation is strongly correlated with officers� perceptions of their agencies� priorities.
11. title: does involvement in performance management routines encourage performance information use? evaluating gpra and part
authors: donald p. moynihan and st�phane lavertu
abstract: the government performance and results act (gpra) of 1993 and the george w. bush administration�s program assessment rating tool (part) established new routines that were intended to foster performance management practices. using data from two surveys, the authors find that the involvement of agency employees in gpra processes and part reviews generally had little direct effect on performance information use once other factors are accounted for. the main exception is that managerial involvement in gpra processes and part reviews is associated with the use of performance data to refine measures and goals. this reflects the limits of government-wide reform efforts that depend on difficult-to-observe bureaucratic behavior. the authors also find that a series of organizational factors�leadership commitment to results, learning routines led by supervisors, the motivational nature of the task, and the ability to link measures to actions�are positive predictors of performance information use.
12. title: leveraging technologies in public agencies: the case of the u.s. census bureau and the 2010 census
authors: kevin c. desouza and akshay bhagwatwar
abstract: emerging technologies are transforming government agencies and the nature of governance and pose new challenges for public managers. under the leadership of steven j. jost, associate director for communications, the u.s. census bureau leveraged emerging technologies during the 2010 census to complete the project under budget while also engaging citizens through the design of viable participatory platforms. the 2010 census campaign focused on increasing response rates and encouraging citizen participation through innovations in the communication process with citizens and through the infusion of technology. the census bureau also effectively managed risks associated with the use of emerging technologies. the authors examine the innovations, the risks, and the effort to manage those risks under jost�s leadership.
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11. title: accountability unbound
authors: patria de lancer julnes
abstract: the article reviews the book accountable governance: problems and promises by melvin j. dubnick and h. george frederickson�and high-stakes reform: the politics of educational accountability�by kathryn a. mcdermott.
12. title: rethinking the state
authors: rogan kersh
abstract: the article reviews the book �the submerged state: how invisible government policies undermine american democracy� by suzanne mettler and �the delegated welfare state: medicare, markets, and the governance of social policy� by kimberly j. morgan and andrea louise campbell.
13. title: kaufman�s forest ranger, still serving
authors: jason burton
abstract: the article reviews the book �the forest ranger: a study in administrative behavior� by herbert kaufman.
14. title: belief systems and the endurance of public agencies
authors: maja husar holmes
abstract: the article reviews the book �mission mystique: belief systems in public agencies� by charles goodsell.
15. title: the empowerment project: helpful but incomplete
authors: steven rathgeb smith
abstract: the article reviews the book �making volunteers: civic life after welfare�s end� by nina eliasoph.
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