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��ࡱ�>�� r��bjbj��2��}�}z_ ��8/��,�psl��333crerererererer$�t�^w8�r��33333�r��4 s��3r��cr�3cr��pbz��v�or s0ps��w�v�w��1�w�cn�33�33333�r�rqh333ps3333��w333333333��: public administration volume 100, issue 4, december 2022 1. title: key values for democratic governance innovation: two traditions and a synthesis authors: frank hendriks abstract: this article advances our understanding of the key values for democratic-governance innovation by integrating two important, yet divergent, discourses�the one on democratic innovations, the other on governance innovations�thus capitalizing on their mutually reinforcing potential. the result is an integrative framework of core values, related normative coordinates, and key questions for improving democratic governance. the integrative values framework refines our understanding of the fundamental value diversity surrounding democratic governance innovation, and facilitates, as a sensitizing framework, critical analysis, evaluation, and design thinking. the values framework integrates core values�inclusiveness, efficaciousness, appropriateness, resilience, and counterbalance�which are complementary but not without friction. mindfulness of the fundamental value diversity is critical for handling democratic governance innovation in a more encompassing value-sensitive way. for realistically applying the values framework, acknowledging the complementarities and tensions between core values, roads ahead are discussed stressing necessarily open and situated conversations. 2. title: do organizational differences matter for the use of social media by public organizations? a computational analysis of the way the german police use twitter for external communication authors: marc jungblut, jens jungblut abstract: using a neo-institutional framework, this study investigates how german police use twitter for their communication. this is relevant, because the police increasingly use social media to bypass the media's gatekeeping function and attain increased agency in communication activities. however, little is known about their different communication strategies and their impact on user engagement. the analysis is based on an automated content analysis of all tweets (n = 137,771) sent out by the german police in 2019. it identifies different patterns regarding the usage of twitter between police entities on different levels of governance and in differing types of environments and examines how these patterns translate into different levels of user engagement. we find that german police entities differ in their use of twitter and that environmental and organizational aspects can explain these differences. moreover, different patterns of social media usage also lead to differing levels of user engagement. 3. title: toward a positive theory of public participation in government: variations in new york city's participatory budgeting authors: iuliia shybalkina abstract: normative research on public participation in government related to desirable amounts and modes of participation has been flourishing. however, positive research explaining variations in real-world participation processes, while gaining momentum, is still thin and fragmented. this article aims to further the positive perspective by examining differences in participatory budgeting (pb) and the reasons for these differences in six new york city council districts based on fieldwork and secondary sources. the evidence suggests that district offices were invested in pb to gain strategic advantages, such as answering calls for political renewal, recovering from a mismanagement scandal, and signaling progressive values. similarly, civil society organizations steered their resources toward pb only if they were interested in agenda items and in doing work with as opposed to against public officials. in the end, this study discusses implications for positive research and possible external interventions to achieve more even participation standards. 4. title: coordinating monetary policy and macroprudential policy: bureaucratic politics, regulatory intermediary, and bank lobbying authors: mehmet kerem coban abstract: we tend to overlook the linkages between how policy coordination within bureaucracy is achieved and the nontrivial implications of policy coordination for business power over the policy process. this article addresses this gap by exploring macroprudential regulatory governance in turkey. drawing on elite interviews and written sources, the article argues that analytically and operationally more capable and politically endorsed central bank subordinated the autonomous bank regulator, as the latter assumed a de facto regulatory intermediary role between the former and the regulatee. within this setting, the regulatee could not rely on its structural and institutional power for mobilization of instrumental power to contest and overturn macroprudential measures. the article contributes to our understanding of the conditions of policy coordination within bureaucracy, how de jure regulator could be subordinated as a de facto regulatory intermediary, and why influential business power needs both a politically and bureaucratically enabling setting. 5. title: the a priori of public leadership: social attributions to public and private leaders in different performance contexts authors: laura hesmert, fabian hattke, rick vogel abstract: previous scholarship provides little insight into the differences between public and private leadership in people's a priori assumptions about leaders. we advance a socio-cognitive approach and examine how implicit social attributions to leaders are contingent on sector and performance cues. participants completed the semantic misattribution procedure to reveal implicit associations of traits with leaders in contrasting scenarios. results show that sector cues affect such attributions, which in turn influence behavioral intentions, but only so in interaction with performance information. we conclude that public leaders earn fewer credits for success or failure than private leaders. 6. title: representative bureaucracy and the policy environment: gender representation in forty-four countries authors: seung-ho an, miyeon song, kenneth j. meier abstract: the representative bureaucracy literature focuses on how passive representation translates into substantive benefits for the represented individuals. although scholars have found substantial empirical support for representation based on gender, most studies have examined the united states, a country with high levels of democracy and gender equality compared to much of the rest of the world. this article first investigates whether the effects of gender representation differ across countries using cross-national education data. evidence from 44 countries shows that representative bureaucracy findings are relatively rare across the world. second, this article contributes to contextual theories of representative bureaucracy by examining how the policy and political environments influence the link between passive representation and policy outcomes. the findings suggest that bureaucratic representation is more effective in countries where gender equality is high and political support for women is greater. these findings indicate that representative bureaucracy is enhanced by favorable policy and political environments. 7. title: target-setting, political incentives, and the tricky trade-off between economic development and environmental protection authors: juan du, hongtao yi abstract: disentangling the relationship between economic development and environmental protection has attracted much attention from public administration scholars. while traditionally scholars approach the relationship from either a substitutive or a complementary perspective, we offer a nuanced perspective by examining how the target-setting on economic growth shapes environmental performance. this article proposes an explanation for the impacts of gross domestic product growth targets on environmental performance based on a yardstick competition model, where the upper-level governments use relative performance to create competition among lower-level governments. we argue that a trade-off exists between economic development and environmental performance; however, the substitutive relationship tends to transit to a complementary relationship when environmental performance is incorporated into the cadre evaluation system. analyzing a panel dataset of economic targets and pm2.5 air pollution across chinese cities from 2001 to 2010, we confirm the relationship between economic targets and environmental performance by highlighting local leaders' political incentives. 8. title: population analysis of organizational innovation and learning authors: jean hartley abstract: this article argues for a population level of analysis, addressing a theoretical and empirical gap and enabling the analysis of transition, tempo, and timing at the macro level. the article examines four theories of population-level innovation: population ecology, neo-institutional theory, innovation diffusion, and population-level learning theory. a population-level empirical study of innovation and organizational learning addresses three research questions: the first and second examine patterns of innovation underpinned by learning over space and over time. the third concerns the processes and dynamics of those patterns. the data derive from the local government using mixed methods and multiple respondents over 9 years. the research shows the uneven spread of learning across the population, with the emergence of two subpopulations. over time, innovation and learning strategies shifted. learning in the population occurred through both direct interaction and vicarious learning from others in the population. implications for population-level theory, innovation, and learning are explored. 9. title: public crowdsourcing: analyzing the role of government feedback on civic digital platforms authors: lisa schmidthuber, dennis hilgers, krithika randhawa abstract: government organizations increasingly use crowdsourcing platforms to interact with citizens and integrate their requests in designing and delivering public services. drawing on attribution theory, this study asks how the causal attributions of the government response to a citizen request affect continued participation in crowdsourcing platforms. to test our hypotheses, we use a 7-year dataset of both online requests from citizens to government and government responses to citizen requests. we focus on citizen requests that are denied by government, and find that the reasoning for denying a request is related with continued participation behavior. citizens are less willing to collaborate further with government via the platform, when their requests are denied although the locus of causality is with the government. this study contributes to research on the role of responsiveness in digital interaction between citizens and government and highlights the importance of rationale transparency to sustain citizen participation. 10. title: usability of transparency portals: examination of perceptions of journalists as information seekers authors: michele crepaz, liam kneafsey abstract: transparency in public institutions is relevant only in so far as the disclosed information is useful for the stakeholders who access it. hence, we ask: what do users do with the information they obtain through transparency laws? despite the growing interest in transparency research, the ways transparency portals are used to gather information remain strikingly understudied. we study the use of proactively and reactively disclosed information under four different transparency laws. data are collected in the republic of ireland through a survey of what is generally considered to be the main category of users, benefiters, and guardians of transparency, namely journalists. this is one of the first surveys of the media's use of resources intended to ensure greater transparency in politics and offers a standard approach to the study of open government as a means to improve democratic governance. 11. title: fiscal easing in local governments facing potential merger: visible in budgets or hidden in overruns? authors: jostein askim, kurt houlberg, jan erling klausen abstract: mergers incentivize local governments to ease their fiscal policies before the merger is implemented. this incentive is powerful: it is known that local governments start easing fiscal policies even before they know for sure that a merger will occur and even if merging is what they want. based on a study of norwegian municipalities, this article shows that irrespective of whether local governments face certain or potential mergers, their fiscal easing is manifested primarily in budget overruns rather than candidly documented in budgets. among local governments facing a potential merger, unwilling governments ease their fiscal policies more than willing ones do and to a larger extent apply a concealment strategy. 12. title: human resource management as a tool to control corruption: evidence from mexican municipal governments authors: fernando nieto-morales, viridiana r�os abstract: principal-agent models of corruption control that emphasize rules, incentives, and sanctions as prime antecedents of corruption often stop short when evaluating how these general principles translate into concrete human resource management (hrm) policies. following a call to develop research about how day-to-day public management operations change incentives to be corrupt, we use data of 5.22 million usd audited to 545 local mexican governments over 3 years to test the correlation between the misappropriation of public funds and specific hrm functions. our results suggest that hrm is a critical, underseen factor in understanding the risk of corruption. in line with previous findings, we show that having merit-based recruitment can prevent corruption. however, we also find that having performance and departmental evaluations and a less unequal structure of remunerations may also help local governments effectively avoid the misappropriation of public money. 13. title: organizing e-participation: challenges stemming from the multiplicity of actors authors: tiina randma-liiv abstract: multiple actors involved in the provision of e-participation initiatives add to the complexity of organizational design and blur accountability and ownership relations. this study addresses the following research questions: how are different organizations and their units involved in the supply of e-participation initiatives? how does the multiplicity of actors affect cross-boundary collaboration, ownership, and accountability relations in the implementation of e-participation initiatives? the empirical analysis is based on comparative case studies on e-participation platforms in seven european countries. the case studies indicate that cross-organizational issues�ownership and accountability, in particular�have often been insufficiently addressed during the development of e-participation initiatives. ambiguous ownership and diffused accountability are particularly challenging in the cases of multilevel governance and in �bottom-up� e-participation initiatives. the �distance� between the unit responsible for the administration of an e-participation initiative and the decision-makers appears to be a critical factor for the functioning of the platforms. 14. title: voice, responsiveness, and alternative policy venues: an analysis of citizen complaints against the local government to the national ombudsman authors: ant�nio f. tavares, sara moreno pires, filipe teles abstract: the ombudsman is one of the most relevant and institutionalized tools to give voice to citizens, so they can express their dissatisfaction with local public services. the literature has yet to produce a systematic explanation for the variation in complaints to the national ombudsman. this article uses classic literature from public administration and public policy to consider arguments of voice, responsiveness and alternative policy venues concerning the role of the ombudsman in citizen complaints against local governments. data on all 2139 citizen complaints submitted to the ombudsman in portugal (2012�2015) are analyzed using negative binomial regression models. policy implications drawn from the results show not only that the presence of alternative voice venues reduces the number of complaints to the national ombudsman but also that context matters. local politics stimulates civic engagement and difficult local conditions, such as unemployment, crime, and aging populations, activate citizens to resort to the ombudsman. 15. title: what has become of the audit explosion? analyzing trends in oversight activities in the canadian government authors: catherine liston-heyes, luc juillet abstract: since the 1980s, many governments expanded their administrative oversight systems, such as auditing and evaluation, in order to improve the efficiency, performance and accountability of their administration. yet few studies empirically examine this �audit explosion.� our study investigates its more recent manifestation. using canada as an exploratory case, we first assess whether the level of these oversight activities contracted or expanded in the last two decades. we then analyze the contents of 3245 audit reports published between 2000 and 2019 to track changes in the focus of auditing. results suggest that, while the overall level of administrative oversight is much higher now than in 2000, it grew only in the first decade of the millennium and was confined to internal functions, namely departmental audits and evaluations, as opposed to the country's supreme audit institution. meanwhile, auditors' attention to financial matters declined, while their focus on compliance, performance, and risk increased. 16. title: what's in a name? the politics of name changes inside bureaucracy authors: kutsal yesilkagit, philippe bezes, julia fleischer abstract: in this article, we examine the effects of political change on name changes of units within central government ministries. we expect that changes regarding the policy position of a government will cause changes in the names of ministerial units. to this end we formulate hypotheses combining the politics of structural choice and theories of portfolio allocation to examine the effects of political changes at the cabinet level on the names of intra-ministerial units. we constructed a dataset containing more than 17,000 observations on name changes of ministerial units between 1980 and 2013 from the central governments of germany, the netherlands, and france. we regress a series of generalized estimating equations (gee) with population averaging models for binary outcomes. finding variations across the three political-bureaucratic systems, we overall report positive effects of governmental change and ideological positions on name changes within ministries. 17. title: spending allocations during low and high fiscal stress: priority setters and spending advocates in danish municipalities, 2008�2015 authors: s�ren k. foged abstract: are local governments' resources distributed differently during low as compared to high fiscal stress? based on a proposed theoretical framework of public budgeting, focusing on the power relations between priority setters and spending advocates, two opposing hypotheses on this question are formulated. using regression analysis, the two hypotheses are tested on the allocation of spending in seven policy areas of all 98 danish municipalities from 2008 to 2015, which was a period that saw both a low and a high degree of fiscal stress. the empirical analysis consistently supports one of the hypotheses (hypothesis 1), stating that rising fiscal stress benefits priority setters' influence on spending allocations vis-�-vis the influence of spending advocates. this finding can be interpreted as a pragmatic local government approach to fiscal stress, where the need for cutbacks is addressed by curbing the influence of spending advocates and shielding strategically important policy areas. 18. title: political opportunism and transaction costs in contractual choice of public�private partnerships authors: wei xiong, ninghua zhong, feng wang, muyang zhang, bin chen abstract: the new public management (npm) has achieved many successes in public service delivery, but practitioners frequently observed failures in developing and transitional economies. for instance, china's public�private partnerships (ppp) since 2014 have failed to transfer risks to the private sector, to involve private skills and expertise, and to reduce local government's debt. this article claims that ppp failures in china are associated with the contractual type of nonconcessions and the contractual choice is influenced by both political opportunism and transaction costs. utilizing data of ppp projects in china during 2014�2016, we find that more opportunistic bureaucrats seek to increase projects of nonconcessions, but transaction costs caused by product complexities hinder governments' reliance on nonconcessions. this research extends the core analysis of ppps in the literature from transaction costs to political opportunism, which widely exists in developing and transitional economies. thus, our findings partially explain the failure of their npm practices. 19. title: does bureaucratic representation enhance overall organizational accountability in policing? authors: seong c. kang, ahrum chang, brian n. williams abstract: many representative bureaucracy studies examine outcomes in the context of passive and active representation, but relatively few have investigated the effects of passive representation on outcomes for the organization as a whole. to address this gap, we analyze data from a national law enforcement survey in the united states on formal citizen complaints regarding allegations of excessive use of physical force. this measure aligns with a three-dimensional accountability framework consisting of information, discussion, and consequences. the analysis finds that greater representation in lower-level leadership is positively associated with a higher percentage of sustained citizen allegations of use of force, while representation in upper leadership generates mixed findings. the results contribute to the literature by highlighting the differential effects of representation in multiple leadership positions and by providing implications for overall organizational accountability. 20. title: a replication of �exploring and explaining contracting out: patterns among the american states� authors: jing qian, jiahuan lu, jianzhi zhao abstract: this manuscript conducts both a narrow and wide replication of brudney et al. (2005, journal of public administration research and theory, 15[3], pp. 393�419), focusing on the scope, perceived effectiveness, and antecedents of contracting out. the replication joins the original study in indicating that state agencies widely used contracting out in service delivery, but their perceived effects on service costs and quality were mixed. the replication coincides with the original study in suggesting that contracting out was an agency-specific practice driven more by pragmatic factors but reports some divergences in the effects of ind () 36789:<e��ʹʹʧ��xd\oa3h�l�h�l�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo( hwl�5�cjojqj^jajo(hp7�5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#hu|�hu|�5�cjojqj^jaj hu|�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#hu|�hu|�5�cjojqj^jaj9:;��u v =78��j|9:��gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4��t u v w y _ ` 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contracting is a dynamic practice used by agencies for certain contingencies. �nn/ffnċ� 21. title: who really makes environmental policy? creating and implementing environmental rules and regulations. sara r. rinfret. temple university press, 2021, 205 pp. isbn: 978-1-43992-019-0 authors: sara hughes abstract: the article reviews the book �who really makes environmental policy?: creating and implementing environmental rules and regulations� by sara r. rinfret. 22. title: hope the high road leads us home again: a review of american administrative capacity: decline, decay, and resilience authors: casey lafrance abstract: the article reviews the book �american administrative capacity: decline, decay, and resilience� by m. ernita joaquin and thomas j. greitens. 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