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��ࡱ�>�� qs��p��u �r�wfbjbj�n�n2z��a��ai> ��""��8�4-�$oliiiii}}}�n�n�n�n�n�n�n$�p�fsf�n�}}}}}�n��ii4�n��}v�i�i�n�}�n��i�� w"��n�n0$o��s�r�s��0�s��k�}}�}}}}}�n�nap}}}$o}}}}��s}}}}}}}}}"qs: science and public policy volume 49, issue 5, october 2022 1. title: the design of transformative research and innovation policy instruments for grand challenges: the policy-nesting perspective authors: susana borr�s, sylvia schwaag serger abstract: several countries have created policy instruments seeking to direct research and innovation (r&i) toward addressing societal challenges. however, the design of such instruments might not always live up to their proclaimed transformative rationale. the aim of this paper is to examine empirically this matter. in a unique cross country comparison of four grand challenge-oriented r&i programs in the nordic countries, we ask to what extent the design of new policy instruments for grand challenges are nested according to the rationale of transformative r&i policy. the findings show that, while all have individual transformative elements, they only exhibit weak or medium degrees of nesting. at a time of increasing transformative ambition of r&i policies, our findings make an important contribution to understanding and addressing the complexity of designing r&i transformative policy instruments. 2. title: institutionalizing public engagement in research and innovation: toward the construction of institutional entrepreneurial collectives authors: joshua b cohen abstract: in the past decades we have seen increased policy discourse around public engagement with research and innovation. despite this attention, the institutionalization of public engagement practices still appears rather limited, leading to a recent systemic turn in public engagement with science studies. still missing in this systemic turn is a pragmatist and new institutionalist framework that can support research into how public engagement practices may enact or transform the research and innovation system. this article presents such a framework to help untangle how existing (in)formal institutions and materialities influence public engagement with research and innovation. to illustrate its utility, the framework is tentatively applied to engagement in the british research funding context. this application informs further development of the framework, including recommendations for (action) research into the construction of collectives of institutional entrepreneurs (institutional entrepreneurial collectives) that may support further institutionalization of public engagement in the research and innovation system. 3. title: assessment of success in university�industry cooperation literature: a bibliographic coupling analysis authors: eva-mar�a mora-valent�n, juan-jos� n�jera-s�nchez, marta ortiz-de-urbina-criado abstract: university�industry relationships have been central in technology and management innovation literature for decades. success has been one of the most relevant topics in this field, driving a high proportion of this research. our objective is to analyze this literature. based on a framework of the motivations and expected benefits of the partners, classifying them into six categories (technological, strategic, financial, educational, political and epistemological), we have carried out a bibliographic coupling analysis to determine the topic�s knowledge structure. we show how these themes have evolved, with some remaining central during the entire timeframe and others gaining academics� attention in recent years. we offer a research schedule and a dynamic, interpretative model that classifies and organizes the motivations of success for university�industry collaboration. this analysis can help in the formulation and implementation of public and private programs that aim to promote cooperation between firms and universities. 4. title: experts and climate change politicisation. a case study of the environmental protection agency (1983�2015) authors: loredana loy abstract: how did governmental experts respond publicly to the politicisation of climate change in the policy domain? did they remain neutral to this process, resisted these efforts, or enabled them? using longitudinal data derived from a content analysis of congressional testimonies provided by the environmental protection agency (epa) between 1983 and 2015, i find that the proportion of climate-related advocacy statements increased over time, yet their prevalence varied with the political context. as the agency�s position-taking on the issue intensified over time, this intensity was conditional on the political context. most importantly, the epa experts never denied the scientific basis of climate change, not even under presidential administrations that did, and instead advocated for climate action. these findings complicate traditional conceptualisations of experts as either independent from or subservient to politics, suggesting a more complex relationship where experts attempt to respond to contentious politics while maintaining continuity in their mission. 5. title: the impacts of centers for aids research program and its enlargement on hiv/aids research collaboration authors: ruiyao xie, chaocheng he, shan qiao, xiaoming li, jiang wu abstract: the centers for aids research (cfar) is a large-scale and important program designed to enhance and coordinate high-quality human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) research. this paper explores the long-term (1985�2019) causal impacts of the cfar program and its enlargement (three enlargement waves when new centers were recruited) on hiv/aids research collaboration. the dataset consists of hiv/aids-related research article publications collected from the web of science. first, the study applies the propensity score matching method combined with difference-in-difference (did) models to test the overall causal impact of the cfar program on hiv/aids research collaboration. then, by categorizing institutions into different groups based on recruitment stages and defining ten intra-/inter-group collaborations, the study constructs time-varying did models to explore the causal impacts of three enlargement waves of cfar for the ten collaborations. the results show that cfar and its enlargements have positive impacts on hiv/aids research collaboration, although the enlargements� impacts are heterogeneous and specifically vary over time and across collaborations. 6. title: achieving societal and academic impacts of research: a comparison of networks, values, and strategies authors: jonna brenninkmeijer abstract: science policymakers and funding agencies are increasingly interested in the societal impact of research. in practice, this means that, when applying for funding, researchers have to justify the academic impact (e.g. publications and conferences) and the societal impact (e.g. influence on policy and practice) of their proposed research. this paper aims to find out how these requirements relate by comparing two ethnographic case studies of research in health care and health assessment that aim to combine both forms of impact. i analyze the networks, values, and strategies in both research groups, and show that achieving societal and academic impacts are different research practices. hence, i argue that academic and societal impacts should not simply be added up as requirements for research funding or academic career development but should be understood and appreciated on their own terms. 7. title: peer effects of the young returnee scientists: evidence from the state key laboratories in china authors: xi yang, xinlan cai, tingsong li abstract: attracting overseas scientists back to their home countries is an important scientific policy in the era of globalization. the returnee scientists not only have the potential to make high academic achievements by themselves but are also expected to influence other scientists. using a data-set of 1,006 scientists from chinese state key laboratories, this study finds that recruiting young returnee scientists has a positive effect on the number of their peer�s highly-cited articles. it is also found that the peer effect is not achieved through the promotion of international collaborations of local scientists. it may be realized through other mechanisms, such as knowledge spillovers. as shown in the heterogeneity analysis, the adaptation of returnee scientists and the absorptive capacity of local scientists have an impact on the peer effects of the returnees, which reflects that knowledge dissemination and absorption play significant roles in the returnee�s peer effect. 8. title: supporting health researchers to realize meaningful patient involvement in research: exploring researchers� experiences and needs authors: simone harmsen, carina a c m pittens, eva vroonland, annemiek j m l van rensen, jacqueline e w broerse abstract: involving patients in health research requires a new way of working for all stakeholders involved, including researchers. this research aimed (1) to gain deeper insight into the experiences and needs of researchers regarding meaningful patient involvement and (2) to incorporate these insights into an online tool. this was done in a transdisciplinary research process, including three focus group discussions and three test sessions. we used the social cognitive theory in the analysis process to reflect on how the tool addresses the complex personal, behavioural, and environmental factors that shape researchers� experiences and needs. identified factors were categorized into three themes: added value, perceived difficulty and patient-researcher role patterns. a tool was developed that addresses these factors, aiming to stimulate meaningful involvement by encouraging (self)reflection, experimentation, and learning-by-doing. it provides one element in a bigger systems approach to further stimulate patient involvement. 9. title: disciplining interdisciplinarity: infrastructure, identity, and interdisciplinary practice in nanoelsi research authors: sharon tsai-hsuan ku, stephen zehr abstract: large-scale interdisciplinary collaboration between natural and social sciences has been advocated by funding agencies for enhancing communication between science and society. however, the actual infrastructure design and operation remain challenging, particularly for social-science-led interdisciplinary centers, which normally do not have core scientific facilities or centralized laboratories to coordinate collaborations among disciplines. drawing upon ethnographic and interview data, this paper examines how the notion of interdisciplinarity was practiced in two federally-funded centers for nanotechnology in society. we show how federal policies, university cultures, and local organizational structures significantly impacted forms of interdisciplinary practice and identity. in addition, we show that individuals� interdisciplinary rhetoric, epistemic claims, and daily operation of interdisciplinarity require strong infrastructural support in terms of spatial and human resource arrangements to nurture cross-disciplinary coordination and trust as well as softening collaborative tensions while developing complementary projects. 10. title: working with curiosity: knowledge transfer practitioners� ambivalence at cern authors: chih-wei yeh abstract: current science-policy trends emphasise efficiency, application orientation, and accountability. this article is inspired by the discovery of the higgs boson in 2012; the author studies how the knowledge transfer practitioners at the european organization for nuclear research (cern), the birthplace of the higgs boson, account for their experiences at cern. in the body of the science policy studies literature, the knowledge transfer practitioners� perspective on the wider impacts of particle and high-energy physics research is relatively understudied. the data are generated from qualitative interviews. constructivist discourse analysis, which is introduced from science and technology studies, is applied to the data; namely, this research focuses on the practitioners� worldview and their perceived situation at cern. as a result, there is a repetitive sense of ambivalence towards knowledge transfer in the discourse. practical suggestions are provided in response to this ambivalence. 11. title: can transparency undermine peer review? a simulation model of scientist behavior under open peer review authors: federico bianchi, flaminio squazzoni abstract: transparency and accountability are keywords in corporate business, politics, and science. as part of the open science movement, many journals have started to adopt forms of open peer review beyond the closed (single- or double-blind) standard model. however, there is contrasting evidence on the impact of these innovations on the quality of peer review. furthermore, their long-term consequences on scientists� cooperation and competition are difficult to assess empirically. this paper aims to fill this gap by presenting an agent-based model that simulates competition and status dynamics between scholars in an artificial academic system. the results would suggest that if referees are sensitive to competition and status, the transparency achieved by open peer review could backfire on the quality of the process. although only abstract and hypothetical, our findings suggest the importance of multidimensional values of peer review and the anonymity and confidentiality of the process. 12. title: perspective on research�policy interface as a partnership: the study of best practices in create authors: adriana banozic-tang, araz taeihagh abstract: this article serves as a blueprint and proof-of-concept of singapore�s campus for research excellence and technological enterprise (create) programmes in establishing effective collaborations with governmental partners. create is a research consortium between singapore�s public universities and international research institutions. the effective partnership of create partners with government stakeholders is part of its mission to help government agencies solve complex issues in areas that reflect singapore�s national interest. projects are developed in consultation with stakeholders, and challenges are addressed on a scale that enables significant impact and provides solutions for singapore and internationally. the article discusses the lessons learnt, highlighting that while research�policy partnerships are widespread, they are seldom documented. moreover, effective communication proved to be a foundation for an effective partnership where policy and research partners were more likely to provide formal and informal feedback. engaging policy partners early in the research co-development process was beneficial in establishing effective partnerships. 13. title: use of science in public policy: lessons from the covid-19 pandemic efforts to �follow the science� authors: barry bozeman abstract: the paper asks: �what can we learn from covid-19 pandemic about effective use of scientific and technical information (sti) in policymaking and how might the lessons be put to use?� the paper employs the political rhetoric of �follow the science� as a lens for examining contemporary concerns in the use of sti, including (1) �breadth of science products�, the necessity of a broader concept of sti that includes by-products science, (2) �science dynamism�, emphasizing the uncertainty and impeachability of science, (3) �sti urgency� suggesting that sti use during widespread calamities differs from more routine applications, and (4) �hyper-politicization of science�, arguing that a step-change in the contentiousness of politics affects uses and misuses of sti. the paper concludes with a discussion, sti curation, as a possible ingredient to improving effective use. with more attention to credibility and trust of sti and to the institutional legitimacy of curators, it should prove possible to improve the effective use of sti in public policy. !"# ,./58:;<=>g��ʻ�ʻʻ��{g_rb2hfk$h�, 5�ojqj^jajhfk$h�ud5�ojqj^jajh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�n�5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj ha@_5�cjojqj^jajo( h��5�cjojqj^jajo(ha@_5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h��h��5�cjojqj^jaj;<=�� * ��g~� ab�� gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gda@_gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4g�� ) 3 4 t��ͽ�ϡ��r�r�r�rc�t�ehfk$hu<�ojqj^jajhfk$h�, ojqj^jajhfk$h�l$ojqj^jajhfk$h�l$5�ojqj^jajhfk$ht4ojqj^jajhfk$ha@_ojqj^jajhfk$hj�ojqj^jajhfk$ht45�ojqj^jajhfk$hicy5�ojqj^jajhfk$hu<�5�ojqj^jajhfk$hj�5�ojqj^jajhfk$ha@_5�ojqj^jaj�� fpq}~�� @��߰߰��s�c�s�s�sd�hfk$h$?�ojqj^jajhfk$h$?�5�ojqj^jajhfk$hs/�5�ojqj^jajhfk$hanojqj^jajhfk$ha@_ojqj^jajhfk$h�, 5�ojqj^jajhfk$h�, ojqj^jajhfk$ha@_5�ojqj^jajhfk$hto�ojqj^jajhfk$h�`�5�ojqj^jajhfk$hto�5�ojqj^jajhfk$h%j,5�ojqj^jaj@abcel�� 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