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scholars. cognitive social structures are the perceptions, or mental maps, actors hold of the relationships that exist among the members of their network. these perceptions and their accuracy have implications for actor behavior, decisions, and outcomes. the literature on network cognitions has developed in the fields of psychology and organization studies but has yet to be applied in public administration and policy. we provide an overview of cognitive social structure research. we then demonstrate the theoretical and practical implications cognitive social structures hold for our field by examining applications in two research areas�implementation and leadership. we argue that using a network cognition perspective can help researchers and practitioners to better explain and pursue important organizational and interorganizational phenomena. we hope this article fosters new dialogue on the role of network cognitions in public administration and policy. 2. title: disasters and social vulnerability determinants of federal subsidiarity assistance authors: aisha s. ahmadu, julius a. nukpezah, p. edward french, charles e. menifield abstract: subsidiarity assistance creates opportunities for the federal government to intervene in subnational affairs, supplement emergency response, and reduce jurisdictional vulnerabilities. recognizing the differential effects that disaster events and revenue sharing could have on states, the research investigates the determinants of federal subsidiarity assistance grants to states in the context of american federalism. this study draws from disaster impact scholarship and social vulnerability theory for theoretical context to understand the determinants of short-term and long-term public assistance grants and intergovernmental transfers, which constitute federal subsidiarity assistance to subnational governments. using panel data on 50 u.s. states over a 17-year time period, findings show that disasters trigger federal subsidiarity assistance for disaster-induced short-term and long-term public assistance grants; however, social vulnerability more likely explains intergovernmental transfers to states. 3. title: governor's political affiliation and stringent covid-19 policy authors: chan wang, yushim kim, karen mossberger abstract: the political affiliation of governors has been highlighted as the most important predictor of a state's aggressiveness in responding to the pandemic, that is, democratic governors advocated for more stringent policies than their republican counterparts. however, of the 39 states that issued a statewide stay-at-home order (saho) mandate, nearly half were led by republican governors. using a qualitative comparative analysis, we find that gubernatorial partisanship alone cannot explain saho mandates. if partisanship played a role at all, it did so only in states with large metropolitan areas or with fewer public health resources. regardless of the governor's partisanship, the combination of problem severity and public health resources was sufficient to produce a stringent policy outcome. emphasis on gubernatorial decisions as purely political overlooks material needs relevant for future pandemic response and the potential for evidence and future coordination. 4. title: public administration in disasters: integrating emergency management into jail and prison preparedness authors: carl e. dement abstract: jail and prison administrators have historically struggled to prepare for and respond to disasters. state and county emergency managers, as public administrators, are responsible for coordinating preparedness to mitigate disaster impacts. the author used 41 qualitative interviews with emergency management and corrections professionals to assess the extent to which these two collaborate for carceral disaster readiness. the findings indicate that emergency managers omit local jails and prisons from their planning, training, and exercises. additionally, neither sees the other as a legitimate partner in disaster preparedness. this forces corrections professionals to face disasters without the aid of emergency management experts thereby exposing inmates, staff, and the public to greater risk. 5. title: a new acquisition model for the next disaster: overcoming disaster federalism issues through effective utilization of the strategic national stockpile authors: robert b. handfield, andrea s. patrucco, zhaohui wu, christopher yukins, tanner slaughter abstract: using primary data collected from interviews with federal and state government officials and secondary data related to ppe distribution and state healthcare statistics, we discovered evidence that the use of the strategic national stockpile (sns) to distribute personal protective equipment to state and local agencies in need during the height of covid-19 was indeed poorly designed to cope with the covid-19 emergency, leaving many states with shortages of badly needed medical supplies. as a result, many states struggled to organize an uncoordinated procurement response�which we suggest is due to federalism issues. to overcome federalism challenges and increase future disaster preparedness, we recommend four necessary reforms to the sns that include (1) the incorporation of uncompensated industry experts into sns administration, (2) the provision of an emergency production board for times of crisis, (3) elevated political leadership for the sns, (4) improvement of federal-state supply chain governance. 6. title: coping practices and the spatial dimension of authority design authors: constantin kaplaner, yves steinebach abstract: frontline implementers develop coping practices to deal with implementation burdens. unfortunately, we have only limited knowledge of how widespread and systematic these practices are applied. this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the enforcement activities carried out in the context of the european union industrial emission directive, relying on a quantitative data set that summarizes the information from more than 2000 inspection reports published by the german state baden-w�rttemberg. our analysis reveals that inspectors tend to give priority to sites that (1) are closer and easier to reach and (2) that pose only a small risk to their environment. these findings indicate that implementers are primarily guided by concerns over the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects of their work. these insights highlight that public authorities' spatial location is a crucial, yet still unexplored factor in the study of policy implementation. 7. title: natural born violence? understanding street-level bureaucrats' use of violence: police officers and protests authors: rafael alcadipani, gabriela lotta, nissim cohen abstract: what factors influence street-level bureaucrats' (slbs) use of violence? to answer this question, we focus on police officers, a typical example of slbs, who can lawfully use violence whenever they deem it necessary. based on ethnographic work among brazilian police officers dealing with protests, we analyze how violence erupts in the interaction between police officers and protesters. we contribute to the literature by suggesting that no single factor alone can explain the actions of slbs regarding the use of violence, as previous research has posited. we demonstrate how the interplay between four factors explains the use of violence by slbs: (1) institutional logic, (2) type of situation, (3) desire for revenge and having fun, and (4) lack of accountability. as such, we propose a more complex account of slb's use of violence. 8. title: what makes public employees want to leave their job? a meta-analysis of turnover intention predictors among public sector employees authors: hyunkang hur, gordon abner abstract: despite the growing literature that examines the determinants of turnover intention in the public sector, little effort has been made to systematize the findings from this scholarship. to address this research gap, this study conducts the first meta-analysis of the literature on turnover intention among public sector employees. the meta-analysis includes 249 effect sizes from 59 studies concerning the relationship between individual demographic variables, work environment characteristics, job characteristics, hrm practices, work motivation and work attitudes, and factors related to the external environment and turnover intention. it finds that predictors related to public employees' job involvement, job exhaustion, job satisfaction, role ambiguity, affective organizational commitment, and participation in decision making are among the strongest predictors of turnover intention. in contrast, individual demographic predictors show small or negligible effects on turnover intention. 9. title: overcoming neutrality as an organizational learning impediment authors: karen d. sweeting, brittany �brie� haupt abstract: this article addresses the negative implications of neutrality in bureaucratic systems and public service. neutrality employs a sameness approach that reinforces impartiality, invisibility, and indifference, resulting in what we term discriminatory blindness. after a brief illustrative review of neutrality in public service, we critique neutrality as an organizational impediment based on its veiled negative implications and disparate outcomes that fail to center the human experience and treat people based on how they are situated to ensure equity in outcomes. we propose a framework to forge ahead with eight actionable types of initiatives and learning constructs to raise the consciousness of public practitioners. we conclude with an action-oriented and learning-focused approach. 10. title: practically speaking: an introduction authors: jozeph raadschelders, katherine willoughby, ronald sanders abstract: this article explores the challenges of bridging the gap between academics and practitioners in the field of public administration. it introduces a new section in the journal called "practically speaking" (ps) that will feature articles with practical implications for public administration. the article also establishes new minimum standards for ps submissions, including the requirement for co-authors who are both scholars and practitioners, as well as an executive summary explaining the practical implications of the article. two papers are included in the article, one examining the responsibilities of public officials and the other discussing the breakdown of the relationship between civil servants and political officials in australia's "robodebt" crisis. the authors hope that this new section of the journal will help bridge the gap between theory and practice in public administration. additionally, the text discusses the responsibilities and duties of career civil servants and elected/appointed officials in providing advice and making decisions in the public sector. it emphasizes the importance of career civil servants being apolitical and providing unbiased advice, while elected/appointed officials have a duty to seek out and listen to the advice of career civil servants. both parties also have a duty to carry out lawful decisions, even if they disagree with them. the text uses the example of the white house's "return to office" memo to illustrate these duties in action. ultimately, the text highlights the need for all parties to fulfill their obligations within the system of governance, even if it goes against personal views. 11. title: how much damage can a politicized public service do? lessons from australia authors: andrew podger, donald f. kettl abstract: this article explores the relationship between career civil servants and elected or appointed political officials in the context of the robodebt scandal in australia. the robodebt initiative, which used an algorithm to identify welfare overpayments, resulted in incorrect bills and financial emergencies for many recipients, and even suicides. the breakdown in communication and trust between civil servants and politicians is highlighted, calling for a re-examination of governance and the role of public administrators. the article discusses the importance of the australian public service (aps) in serving the government, parliament, and the public, emphasizing the need for a balance between independence and responsiveness to ministers. recommendations have been made to improve the aps's structure, training, and accountability. the text also addresses issues within the australian government's social security portfolio, such as the separation of policy from administration, impartial service delivery, and increased capacity for integrated services. cultural issues within the aps, particularly in the department of human services (dhs), are identified, emphasizing the need for collaboration, empowerment of middle managers, and independence of in-house lawyers. the article concludes by discussing the broader tensions between career experts and political leaders in governance. 12. title: total reward preferences in the recruitment and retention of county chief administrative officers: applying a push/pull theory of motivation authors: dan lasseter, alex daman abstract: monetary rewards have historically played a prominent role in public employee turnover. additionally, non-monetary rewards such as internal environmental factors contribute to the ability to recruit, retain, and satisfy public employees. our research seeks to apply the push and pull theory of motivation to the total reward (intrinsic and extrinsic rewards) preferences of county chief administrative officers (caos) in the state of georgia. caos typically have job titles such as county administrator or county manager. in understanding which rewards are most valued by caos, local governments can better understand the ways their caos value different rewards. in other words, which rewards are most likely to �pull� a cao to another position; and conversely, does the lack of certain rewards �push� caos towards other jurisdictions or even other careers? in addition, this research aims to examine whether demographic variables of caos impacts total reward preferences. 13. title: charles goodsell: a weaver of the tapestry of public administration authors: thomas j. barth abstract: our society has the habit of writing about exemplars after they are no longer with us; this is certainly important and beneficial but misses the opportunity to engage them in a personal reflection on their lives and the contributions/lessons they most want to share. this essay is intended to address this common oversight by sharing the marvelous 61-year career of charles goodsell, by first recounting his still active professional journey and closing with his own personal advice to academics, practitioners, and students. �n n/ffnċ� 14. title: political corruption. the internal enemy of public institutions. by emanuela ceva, maria paola ferretti, oxford: oxford university press. 2021. pp. 217. $24.81 (hardcover). isbn: 9780197567869 (hardback); isbn: 9780197567883 (epub) authors: manuel villoria abstract: the article reviews the book �political corruption: the internal enemy of public institutions� by emanuela ceva and maria paola ferretti. 15. title: issues in public policy and administration in malaysia: an institutional analysis. by abdillah noh, nadia h. yashaiya, singapore: world scientific publishing. 2022. pp. 192. $78.00 (hard cover). isbn: 978-981-123-719-5 authors: makmor tumin abstract: 8:hl\^b�������. 0 @ ��ʸʸʦ��tl_qc6qhj�5�ojqj^jo(h(x7h(x75�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h!@�5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h(x7h(x75�cjojqj^jaj#h �h �5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h(x7h(x75�cjojqj^jaj:���0 � � � y����'��o���r��!�!������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4@ b \ � � � � � � � � � 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world bank and mena countries authors: jozef raadschelders abstract: the article reviews these books �who matters at the world bank?: bureaucrats, policy change, and public sector governance� by kim moloney and �civil servants and globalization: integrating mena countries in a globalized economy� by tony verheijen and katarina staronova. 17. title: data feminism. by catherine d'ignazio, lauren f. klein, cambridge: the mit press. 2020. pp. 314. $29.95 (hard cover). isbn: 9780262044004 authors: laura c. hand abstract: the article reviews the book �data feminism� by catherine d'ignazio and lauren f. klein.     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