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volume 52, issue 1_suppl, april 2023
1. title: a history of arnova at fifty
authors: brenda k. bushouse, gregory r. witkowski, alan j. abramson
abstract: to mark the 50th anniversary of the association for research on nonprofit organizations and voluntary action (arnova), this article reviews the association�s history, from its 1971 founding by a small group of scholars interested in voluntary action to the current association of more than 1,000 members who study a broad range of nonprofit, civil society, voluntary action, and philanthropic topics. to inform the history, we recorded oral histories and reviewed the arnova collection of historical records at the ruth lilly archives and internal files provided by arnova. our article is divided into three important junctures of change: 1971�1989, the founding period; 1990�2006, the golden era of philanthropic support; and 2007�2020, a maturing field and strategic directions. through our analysis, we identify recurring themes and tensions and how arnova navigated through a changing environment and growing field. we conclude the article with forward-looking questions.
2. title: disciplinary contributions to nonprofit studies: a 20-year empirical mapping of journals publishing nonprofit research and journal citations by nonprofit scholars
authors: megan lepere-schloop, rebecca nesbit
abstract: in celebration of nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly�s 50th anniversary, we present a bibliometric analysis of nonprofit research published between 1999 and 2019, within and outside of three core nonprofit journals�nvsq, nml, and voluntas. we seek to understand which journals, across scientific domains and social science disciplines, inform nonprofit research in one of three ways, by (a) publishing articles, (b) citing the three core journals, or being cited in these core journals. we found that nonprofit research published in economics and social sciences journals has kept pace with a large increase in indexed research. meanwhile, though the core nonprofit journals robustly cite and are increasingly cited by business and management and public administration journals, they are less engaged with other social science disciplines. we discuss ways that the core journals could increase their visibility and penetration into these other disciplines and highlight perspectives potentially missing from the core journals.
3. title: the evolution of the nonprofit research field: an emerging scholar perspective
authors: peter schubert, robert w. ressler, laurie e. paarlberg, silke boenigk
abstract: this study takes an emerging scholar perspective to reflect critically on the evolution of the nonprofit research field, applying a mixed-methods design. study 1 evaluated the evolution of nonprofit research through comparing the topics, theories, and methods in emerging nonprofit scholars� dissertations (n = 3,023) to that of emerging scholars� publications in nonprofit journals (n = 390). study 2 examined through a survey of emerging nonprofit scholars (n = 141) how forces operating within the academic system influence scholars� early career research. results from study 1 document a decreasing diversity in the body of scholarship from dissertations to journal articles and study 2 highlights challenges experienced in an early career stage. the findings call for future reflection on the level of diversity, both in terms of research approaches and the composition of our scholarly community. maintaining diversity will arguably be an important precondition to ensure continuous knowledge advancement in the field.
4. title: the promise and perils of comparing nonprofit data across borders
authors: elizabeth a. m. searing, nathan j. grasse, alasdair rutherford
abstract: the movement to democratize data and the advent of virtual research teams provides a near-perfect opportunity for an explosion of comparative nonprofit research. this manuscript provides a useful framework for scholars interested in utilizing comparative nonprofit data. by documenting how the lived context of the data is influenced by governmental, institutional, and social forces, we illustrate how effective comparative data work will involve knowing both the how (data details) and the why (institutional history) of the data elements. we offer three extended examples to illustrate the complexity of comparative data: the definition of nonprofit, the concept of governance, and the definition of financial liability. this approach provides a thoughtful path of not only careful empirical work but also the route to theoretical improvements as well. furthermore, comparative work also leads the researcher to question assumptions and document the processes which shape the data, even within their singular context.
5. title: conceptualizing organizational advocacy across the nonprofit and voluntary sector: goals, tactics, and motivation
authors: jennifer e. mosley, david f. su�rez, hokyu hwang
abstract: advocacy, essential to the unique role of the nonprofit sector, is a term that suffers from a definitional morass that is both crowded and inconsistent, undermining research progress. this problem has been exacerbated by changes in our understanding of the wide variety of nonprofit and voluntary organizations involved in advocacy. to address construct clarity and help research bridge disciplinary silos, we present a framework that, while drawing clearer boundaries around the construct�s peripheries, integrates three major dimensions of organizational advocacy among nonprofits: goals, tactics, and motivations. this integrative framework focuses on the targets, contexts, and types of nonprofit actors associated with these dimensions, pointing to avenues for new lines of comparative research. we demonstrate how this framework can elucidate institutional change and advance the field by promoting new understandings of advocacy that better matches changing empirical reality.
6. title: the (r)evolution of the social entrepreneurship concept: a critical historical review
authors: simon teasdale, enrico bellazzecca, anne de bruin, michael j. roy
abstract: the contested concept of social entrepreneurship has gained particular prominence in academic literature over the last few decades. to explore how patterns of understandings relating to social entrepreneurship have emerged and shifted over time, we undertook a critical historical review focusing on the most highly cited social entrepreneurship articles in each of five time periods over the last 30 years. we identify four thematic areas�conceptualization, theoretical approaches, the search for data, and social change outcomes�characteristic of each period, allowing us to plot the terrain of social entrepreneurship scholarship over time. we show how patterns emerge across these themes over time and relate our analysis to wider developments in the field. in concluding, we discuss how the concept has been theoretically and conceptually enriched by an ability to accommodate critique.
7. title: the evolution of nonprofit governance research: reflections, insights, and next steps
authors: david o. renz, william a. brown, fredrik o. andersson
abstract: the literature on nonprofit governance and boards has grown substantially during the past 50 years as researchers from a variety of disciplines and fields have studied governance systems and processes to examine how they are organized, the practices they employ, and their relations with and impacts on nonprofits. this essay offers a domain-based narrative review of the research on the governance of nonprofit organizations and how it has developed over these 50 years. building on literature reviews and a delphi study, we summarize the progression of nonprofit governance research, employ a multi-dimensional framework to summarize and assess the state of the field, and offer recommendations for future study. we find the increasingly multinational and multicultural literature of the field has become more rich, nuanced, and increasingly inclusive of contingency, complexity, paradox, and the diverse theoretical perspectives that will enhance our understanding of nonprofit governance.
8. title: nonprofit scandals: a systematic review and conceptual framework
authors: cassandra m. chapman, matthew j. hornsey, nicole gillespie, steve lockey
abstract: high-profile charity scandals have always represented a threat to the nonprofit sector, which relies on public trust and funding to operate. we systematically review 30 years of empirical research on scandals involving nonprofits and present both quantitative and qualitative syntheses of the 71 articles identified. informed by this review, we generate a conceptual model theorizing the causes and consequences of scandals, as well as how nonprofits can best prevent and respond to organizational transgressions. we then put forward a research agenda that elaborates five key factors that are especially important for understanding nonprofit scandals but remain understudied: (a) integrity versus competence violations, (b) moral licensing, (c) the multilevel nature of organizational transgressions, (d) sectoral causes of scandal, and (e) effective responses. we close the article with recommendations for nonprofit managers about how to conceptualize, prevent, plan for, and respond to transgressions occurring within their organizations, and any resulting scandals.
9. title: nonprofit organizations and the evaluation of social impact: a research program to advance theory and practice
authors: lehn m. benjamin, alnoor ebrahim, mary kay gugerty
abstract: this article proposes a research program with two goals: (a) to support nonprofit leaders to productively engage evaluation and (b) to advance a meso-level theory of nonprofit evaluation that recognizes the diverse ways nonprofits contribute to social change. such a research program is timely, as evaluation becomes increasingly institutionalized in the sector in ways that constrain nonprofit leaders from engaging productively with evaluation to advance their social impact. this research program brings existing nonprofit scholarship into conversation with evaluation scholarship and puts forward a research agenda organized around the practical dilemmas facing nonprofit leaders as they answer four key evaluation questions: what to evaluate, for what purpose, using which criteria, and with what evidence and methods. by anchoring a research program around these four questions, we seek to reopen the possibilities for how scholars can support nonprofit leaders in engaging evaluation to enhance their social impact.
10. title: rethinking volunteering as a natural resource: a conceptual typology
authors: stephanie a. koolen-maas, lucas c. p.m. meijs, philine s. m. van overbeeke, jeffrey l. brudney
abstract: volunteering can be understood as a human-made, renewable resource that can be grown and recycled, and whose continuation and volume of flow can be influenced by human beings positively as well as negatively. we extend the metaphor and break down the monolithic concept into three categories: traditional (wild salmon), third party (farmed fish), and spontaneous (marine zooplankton). each volunteer resource (a) manifests in particular forms of volunteer service, (b) serves different purposes, (c) has different antecedents, (d) is harvested in different ways by different stakeholders meeting different conditions, and requires a specific form of management, based on its (e) benefits and challenges, (f) resource level, (g) propagation methods, and (h) sustainability needs. the three resources are fluid and interact dynamically. the distinction of three volunteer resources and their dynamics extends the conceptualization of volunteering as a natural resource and informs a new research agenda.
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