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fdz@�����public administration review
volume 70, issue 3, may/jun. 2010
1. title: shifting boundaries between the public and private sectors: implications from the economic crisis
authors: moulton, stephanie; wise, charles
abstract: what are the differences between the public and private sectors as well as their interrelationships in light of the recent financial crisis? has the global economic crisis fundamentally shifted the boundaries between the two sectors? this essay examines the nature and extent of the shift. the authors present an analysis of the troubled asset relief program (tarp) to highlight the massive transformations that are taking place and to introduce lessons for future policy initiatives. between financial rescue missions and the economic stimulus program, government spending accounts for a bigger share of the nation�s economy�26 percent�than at any time since world war ii. the government is financing 9 out of 10 new mortgages in the united states. if you buy a car from general motors, you are buying from a company that is 60 percent owned by the government. if you take out a car loan or run up your credit card, the chances are good that the government is financing both your debt and that of your bank.
2. title: order beyond crisis: organizing considerations across the public service configuration life cycle
authors: witesman, eva m.
abstract: this article responds to the preceding paper by stephanie moulton and charles wise, critiquing the dimensions that those authors use as organizing guides in the delivery of public services through public�private institutional configurations, including the evaluation of the troubled asset relief program (tarp). in this essay, eva m. witesman proposes a modification to the framework and provides suggestions for future research.
3. title: evaluating racial disparities in hurricane katrina relief using direct trailer counts in new orleans and fema records
authors: craemer, thomas
abstract: are charges of racial disparities in the federal emergency management agency�s relief efforts in new orleans following hurricane katrina accurate? limited publicly available data on trailer distribution in new orleans are compared to an on-site trailer count and to a complete trailer count from aerial photographs of new orleans. the lower ninth ward in orleans parish (98 percent black prior to hurricane katrina) had significantly fewer trailers than neighboring arabi in st. bernard parish (95 percent white prior to hurricane katrina). to control for administrative differences between parishes and socioeconomic factors, two affluent neighborhoods within orleans parish, pontchartrain park (97 percent black prior to hurricane katrina) and lakeview (94 percent white prior to hurricane katrina), are compared. the conclusion: racial discrepancies remain large and substantial. a number of hypotheses are developed and the implications discussed.
4. title: the essence of the �market army�
authors: levy, yagil
abstract: western armies have undergone substantial organizational-cultural transformations since the end of the cold war. two main themes have been suggested to describe these transformations: postmodernity and post-fordism. this article analyzes these profound shifts. the author portrays the new western army as a �market army,� distancing itself from the �citizen army,� and envisions a continuum between these extreme types. the market army emulates market practices in order to adapt to modern strategic, economic, political, and cultural constraints. what typifies the market army is the subjection of military doctrine to the market, a post-fordist structure, a network-centric hierarchy, market values borrowed by the military profession, the convergence of military and civilian occupations, the commodification of military service, and new contractual forms of bargaining between soldiers and the military. israel serves as a critical case with which to develop the theory of the market army.
5. title: the role of informal institutions in u.s. immigration policy: the case of illegal labor migration from kyrgyzstan
authors: liebert, saltanat
abstract: immigration is a sensitive topic on the american political, social, and economic agenda. globalization as well as the end of the cold war have meant that people are on the move worldwide as never before. millions of people from poor countries migrate to richer ones to provide better lives for themselves and their families through legal and illegal channels. heated debates surround this subject. a dramatic divide persists between proponents, who equate immigration policy with civil rights, and opponents, who cite the burden of illegal immigration on public education and public welfare systems. the author argues that informal institutions involved in migration processes, such as migrant smuggling networks, explain why the current crisis persists. the role of informal institutions is examined by focusing on those who migrate from kyrgyzstan to the united states seeking low-wage labor. the author generalizes how formal and informal institutions interact in the processes of migration and how informal institutions decisively influence immigration-related policies in the united states.
6. title: recipes for pork and other delicious offerings for the new administration
authors: kasdin, stuart
abstract: is pork produced by feeble budgetary processes? by fixing weak budgetary procedures, can wasteful spending and opportunities for corruption be reduced? this essay looks at three varieties of pork: earmarked, ad hoc, and presidential. what can be done to curb the excesses of each one? by examining the problem of congressional earmarking, this timely article proposes a new process for controlling �earmarked� pork by supporting a new (constitutional) presidential line-item veto/reprogramming. �ad hoc pork,� generated by emergency or stimulus bills, is also analyzed. its downsides can be fixed, according to the essay, by creating a preapproved roadmap for the appropriations process, thereby enhancing the quality of spending oversight. finally, �presidential pork� derives from chief executives rewarding congressional allies and from government agencies allocating program resources so as to engender support from congressional members. this third variety of pork can be controlled if agencies improve their operational transparency plus strengthen their procedures for selecting projects. what happens when you put good people in a bad place, good apples in a bad barrel? do the apples change the barrel, or does the barrel change the apples?
7. title: civil rights, federalism, and the administrative process: favorable outcomes by federal, state, and local agencies in housing discrimination complaints
authors: lamb, charles m.; wilk, eric m.
abstract: some theorists argue that cooperative intergovernmental relations are critical to policy implementation in the united states. this assertion is explored in the context of fair housing enforcement by comparing favorable administrative outcomes in fair housing complaints at the federal, state, and local levels from 1989 to 2004. what conclusions can be drawn from this systematic comparison of intergovernmental enforcement in one policy area over an extended period of time? first, cooperative federalism works well in fair housing enforcement. second, of special significance, state civil rights agencies resolve complaints in favor of complainants nearly as often as the department of housing and urban development, and localities sometimes do so even more frequently.
8. title: averting environmental justice claims? the role of environmental management systems
authors: edwards, daniel (david); darnall, nicole
abstract: today, more regulatory provisions are in place for protecting low-income minority populations who shoulder a disproportionate amount of environmental risk. recognized as communities of �environmental justice,� industrial facilities located within these areas bear greater legal liabilities for and societal scrutiny of their environmental impacts. the authors offer compelling evidence that, in an effort to avoid regulatory and societal claims that they are disproportionately harming minority and ethnic populations, businesses operating inside environmental justice communities tend to adopt an environmental management system (ems). the article probes whether industries actually improve the environment as a consequence of ems adoption or whether such systems are simply used to avoid greater governmental scrutiny without necessarily reducing overall environmental risks.
9. title: bill gibson and the art of leading across boundaries
authors: morse, ricardo s.
abstract: as director of a regional council for more than 30 years, bill gibson is instrumental in facilitating �boundary-crossing� collaborations that increase public value. this administrative profile examines three cases of regional, cross-sector collaboration catalyzed by gibson�s leadership. characteristics of entrepreneurship, attention to �relationship capital,� and the humility derived from ego strength combine with the context of working for a boundary organization to help explain his success.
10. title: capacity, leadership, and organizational performance: testing the black box model of public management
authors: andrews, rhys; boyne, george a.
abstract: according to recent �black box� models of public management, managerial capacity is a critical component for achieving service delivery improvement. in particular, black box models assume that the impact of management systems is maximized through integration with effective leadership. this assumption is tested by analyzing the effects of managerial capacity and organizational leadership on the performance of english local governments, while controlling for a range of other variables, including organizational size, resources, external constraints, and past performance. empirical results show that capacity possesses a positive statistical association with local government performance and that leadership can enhance the impact of effective management systems.
11. title: what do bureaucrats like doing? bureaucratic preferences in response to institutional reform
authors: gains, francesca; john, peter
abstract: how do bureaucrats respond to administrative reform in relation to their overall administrative goals? the authors test the bureau-shaping thesis, which holds that bureaucrats� preferences for certain kinds of roles and tasks motivate their support for bureau reform. drawing on attitudinal and behavioral data from a survey of english local government officials, the findings underscore how bureaucrats with different interests and motivations sort themselves into job types. their preferences drive support for reform, which, in turn, strengthens the executive structure of english local government. drawing on the literature on bureaucratic responses to institutional reform, the authors offer a more nuanced portrayal of bureaucratic preferences in line with the bureau-shaping model. a key conclusion: political principals need improved empirical awareness of bureaucratic preferences when undertaking public institutional reforms.
12. title: incrementalism in appropriations: small aggregation, big changes
authors: anderson, sarah; harbridge, laurel
abstract: u.s. federal budget dynamics, as a major attribute of the legislative and bureaucratic decision-making processes, increasingly calls into question the scholarly focus on incrementalism. what constitutes a �small� change is largely unspecified in previous research that has also been unable to assess incrementalism across multiple levels of aggregation. using a unique budgetary database, this article analyzes whether budgetary changes are in fact �small� at different levels of aggregation. surprisingly, a low proportion of changes are small by any logical standard. during most years, more than one-fifth of budgetary changes are greater than 50 percent, and nearly half are more than 10 percent. the level of aggregation is also important for assessing whether political variables influence incrementalism. a salient finding: change in party control reflects greater influence within micro-level budget decisions, while divided government manifests more impact on aggregate-level budget decisions.
13. title: public�private partnerships and the public accountability question
authors: forrer, john; kee, james edwin; newcomer, kathryn e.; boyer, eric
abstract: public�private partnerships (ppps) are growing in popularity as a governing model for delivery of public goods and services. ppps have existed since the roman empire, but their expansion into traditional public projects today raises serious questions about public accountability. this article examines public accountability and its application to government and private firms involved in ppps. an analytical framework is proposed for assessing the extent to which ppps provide (or will provide) goods and services consistent with public sector goals of effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. six dimensions�risk, costs and benefits, political and social impacts, expertise, collaboration, and performance measurement�are incorporated into a model that assists public managers in improving partnerships� public accountability.
14. title: exporting general petraeus�s counterinsurgency doctrine: an assessment of the adequacy of field manual 3-24 and the u.s. government�s implementation
authors: vizzard, james w.; capron, timothy a.
abstract: the authors review the u.s. army�s field manual on counterinsurgency, consider the doctrine and tactics that it espouses, and survey its current critics. they present specific examples of its application and conclude that while counterinsurgency does achieve results, the u.s. government lacks a strategic doctrinal framework for implementing counterinsurgency elsewhere. this shortcoming urgently needs to be addressed in a meaningful way by political leaders.
15. title: core�peripheral structure and regional governance: implications of paul krugman�s new economic geography for public administration
authors: andrew, simon a.; feiock, richard c.
abstract: paul krugman�s work is much celebrated in the fields of international trade and economic geography, recognized with the 2008 nobel prize in economics. although his work is less prominent in public administration, it has important implications for the study of political fragmentation, collaboration, economic development, and service delivery in metropolitan areas. the authors discuss how krugman�s core�periphery model adds a critical piece to the regional governance puzzle by explaining the concentration and dispersion of economic activity and the productive advantages of spatial closeness. they summarize the central propositions of krugman�s work to identify its policy inferences for intergovernmental coordination and strategies for successful management of urban growth, as well as its implications for public administration theories of governance, collaboration, and institutional collective action.
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16. title: human resource management in the public sector: examining international cases
authors: condrey, stephen e.; ledvinka, christine b.
abstract: the article reviews the book human resource management in the public sector: examining international cases� by rona s. beattie and stephen p. osborne.
17. title: on creative bureaucratic acolytes
authors: ledermann, simone
abstract: the article reviews the book �policy bureaucracy: government with a cast of thousands� by edward c. page and bill jenkins.
18. title: integrity in public affairs
authors: hyperlink "javascript:__dolinkpostback('','ss~~ar "kouzmin, alexander"||sl~~rl','');" \o "search for kouzmin, alexander" kouzmin, alexander
abstract: the article reviews the book �promoting integrity: evaluating and improving public institutions� by brian w. head, a. j. brown, and carmel connors.
19. title: health care in america
authors: lyles, alan
abstract: the article reviews the book �health care in america: separate and unequal� by kant patel and mark e. rushefsky.
20. title: finding a unified research agenda for the many faces of business improvement districts
authors: meltzer, rachel
abstract: the article reviews the book �business improvement districts: research, theories, and controversies� by goktug morcol, lorlene hoyt, jack w. meek, and ulf zimmermann.
21. title: policy outcomes after the press conference
authors: piskulich, j. p.
abstract: the article reviews the book �reforms at risk: what happens after major policy changes are enacted� by eric m. patashnik.
22. title: politics/administration harmony in the city of bach?
authors: zimmermann, ulf
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