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��ࡱ�>�� ^`����]��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������'` �r��$bjbj{p{p2<::��������" " " " df wf�� � � � � � � � �e�e�e�e�e�e�e$igh�i��e�� � ���e� � f```��� � �e`��e```� z @�����" *`�e'f0wf`;j@;j``>1;j�c8� �z�`(���� � � �e�ev � � � wf������������ journal of policy analysis and management volume 29, issue 2, spring 2010 1. title: asset-based measurement of poverty authors: andrea brandolini, silvia magri, timothy m smeeding abstract: poverty is generally defined as income or expenditure insufficiency, but the economic condition of a household also depends on its real and financial asset holdings. this paper investigates measures of poverty that rely on indicators of household net worth. we review and assess two main approaches followed in the literature: income-net worth measures and asset-poverty. we provide fresh cross-national evidence based on data from the luxembourg wealth study. 2. title: estimating the potential effects of poverty reduction policies authors: sheila zedlewski, linda giannarelli, laura wheaton abstract: states require a measure of poverty that captures all family resources net of taxes and nondiscretionary expenses and uses thresholds reflecting current needs in the state to assess the well-being of families under current and alternative policies. this paper describes the implementation of a poverty measure for the state of connecticut based on the recommendations of the national academy of sciences, and it describes the potential antipoverty effects of changes in child care, adult education, and child support policies. the paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges in implementing a modern poverty measure and in simulating policy alternatives. 3. title: how regressive are indirect taxes? a microsimulation analysis for five european countries authors: andr� decoster, jason loughrey, cathal o'donoghue, dirk verwerft abstract: shifting the tax burden from labor to consumption is proposed in many developed countries as a way to make the tax system more incentive compatible. this article deals with the simulation of such a policy change to sharpen the distributional picture. expenditures are imputed into the euromod microsimulation program. then social security contributions are lowered and the standard vat rate is increased to maintain government revenue neutrality. the main conclusions are that (1) indirect taxes are regressive with respect to disposable income but proportional or progressive with respect to total expenditures, and (2) indirect taxes are in any case less progressive than other components of the tax system, making the proposed measure a regressive one. a possible solution exists in increasing the progressivity of the remaining income tax. 4. title: indicators of poverty and social exclusion in a global context authors: eric marlier, a b atkinson abstract: the measurement of poverty and social exclusion is analytically and operationally relevant at all levels of policymaking. here our focus is on national governments making policy in a global or multinational context such as the european union (eu). in this process, social indicators are playing a growing role, and we need to stand back and examine their construction and use. in this paper, we argue on the basis of eu experience for a principle-based approach and explore the possible architecture of indicators of poverty and social exclusion in a multinational context. we consider the implementation of a set of indicators and their contribution to the policy process. 5. title: the distributional impact of in-kind public benefits in european countries authors: alari paulus, holly sutherland, panos tsakloglou abstract: international comparisons of inequality based on measures of disposable income may not be valid if the size and incidence of publicly provided in-kind benefits differ across the countries considered. the benefits that are financed by taxation in one country may need to be purchased out of disposable income in another. we estimate the size and incidence of in-kind or "noncash" benefits from public housing subsidies, education, and health care for five european countries using comparable methods and data. inequality in the augmented income measure is dramatically lower than in disposable income, with the effects of the three components varying in importance across countries. adapting equivalence scales to take proper account of differences in needs for health care and education across population members reduces the scale of the effect, but does not eliminate it. 6. title: using non-monetary deprivation indicators to analyze poverty and social exclusion: lessons from europe? authors: brian nolan, christopher t whelan abstract: non-monetary indicators of deprivation are now widely used in studying poverty in europe. while measuring financial resources remains central, having reliable information about material deprivation adds to the ability to capture poverty and social exclusion. non-monetary indicators can help improve the identification of those experiencing poverty and understand how it comes about. they are most productively used when multidimensionality is explicitly taken into account, both in framing the question and in empirical application. while serious methodological and measurement issues remain to be addressed, material deprivation indicators allow for new insights in making poverty comparisons across countries and analyzing changes over time. 7. title: using the american community survey to create a national academy of sciences-style poverty measure: work by the new york city center for economic opportunity authors: mark levitan, christine d'onofrio, gayatri koolwal, john krampner abstract: the need to improve the u.s. poverty measure has received renewed attention as state and local governments have initiated antipoverty efforts and wish to judge their effect. this paper describes the new york city center for economic opportunity's implementation of the national academy of sciences' recommendations for measuring poverty. the center's decision to use the census bureau's american community survey as its principal data source created the project's central challenge; many of the items needed to construct the academy's measure of resources are not included in the survey and needed to be estimated through a variety of methods. the resultant measure creates a higher poverty rate and a demographic profile of the poor that is quite different from that generated by the official measure. the paper concludes with observations about these differences and how this new picture of poverty has begun to influence policymaking in new york city. 8. title: who became poor, who escaped poverty, and why? developing and using a retrospective methodology in fve countries authors: anirudh krishna abstract: the stages-of-progress methodology helps identify context-specific reasons associated with households' movements into or out of poverty. developed in 2002, it was used over the next seven years for examining the experiences of 35,567 households in 398 diverse communities of india, kenya, uganda, peru, and north carolina. this essay looks at the reasons that motivated the development of a different methodology for exploring poverty flows, explores the steps involved, and briefly presents key results. large numbers of households have fallen into poverty in every context examined, but large numbers have also become persistently poor. different reasons are associated, respectively, with escaping poverty and falling into poverty. different policies are, therefore, required to deal with each of the two poverty flows. )*123;<>dgijklmvb��ƕ�ƕƕ���zm]m41h�^eh?o�0jb*ojqj^jajmh phsh h�^ehu<�5�ojqj^jajh�^eh�ud5�ojqj^jajh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h 2e5�cjojqj^jaj h 2e5�cjojqj^jajo( h��5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj&h��h�e�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h��h��5�cjojqj^jaj*jkly�� � �  � � c��'��)c������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd?o�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gd�"��$�bcqrx����� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �   � ���ͽ����yiy�y�����������y�y�h�^eh�l$5�ojqj^jajh�^eh%j,5�ojqj^jajh�^eh[rojqj^jaj-h�^eh?o�b*ojqj^jajmh phsh h�<�h?o�5�ojqj^jajh�^ehicy5�ojqj^jajh�^ehu<�5�ojqj^jaj1h�^eh?o�0jb*ojqj^jajmh phsh .h s0jb*ojqj^jajmh o(phsh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � "bcm�����і{�{�{�{�{�{�{�_c_�7hych?o�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 7hychto�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 4h s5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh o(phsh 7h�^eh?o�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh h�^ehto�ojqj^jajh�^eh�`�5�ojqj^jajh�^ehto�5�ojqj^jajh�^eh%j,5�ojqj^jajh�^ehu<�ojqj^jajm���������������� &'1���ɹɩ�x�x�x�x�x��\@\��7hych?o�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 7hych$?�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh .h s0jb*ojqj^jajmh o(phsh 1h�^eh?o�0jb*ojqj^jajmh phsh h�^eh$?�5�ojqj^jajh�^ehs/�5�ojqj^jajh�^eh%j,5�ojqj^jajh�^ehanojqj^jaj-h�^eh?o�b*ojqj^jajmh phsh ������������   ()2bcm����ѹ������������фhl�7hych)w�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 7hych?o�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 7hych�ps5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh .h s0jb*ojqj^jajmh o(phsh 1h�^eh?o�0jb*ojqj^jajmh phsh h�^eh�ps5�ojqj^jajh�^eh)w�5�ojqj^jajh�^eh%j,ojqj^jajm����������"#)*iqr��ɹɹ���������������fj7hychvi�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 7hychr7a5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 4h s5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh o(phsh 7h�^ehzk�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh h�^ehr7a5�ojqj^jajh�^eh)w�5�ojqj^jajh�^eh)w�ojqj^jaj-h�^eh?o�b*ojqj^jajmh phsh ��itgh[ !!!�!�!�$�$�������������gd�)ggd|�gd��gdr7agdzk�gd)w� rst~fghikr����������z�ƿ������ejejejejeje�:hychzk�5�ojqj^jaj4h s5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh o(phsh 7h�^eh��5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh h�^eh|�5�ojqj^jajh�^eh)w�ojqj^jaj-h�^ehzk�b*ojqj^jajmh phsh h�^eh)w�5�ojqj^jaj7hych)w�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh 7hychzk�5�b*khojqj\�^jajmh phsh ze! !!!"!$! !/!0!6!7!d�3������q04e��n[g],-�o�����`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�= {u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~�� {r�v �4�1l2q �"�i aha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*� 7��:a��^b� �l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�` rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a 6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[� k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~� ��y��=� �/�]�k� ?i��� * �? 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