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volume 51, issue 6, december 2022
1. title: transitions into and out of voluntary work over the life course: what is the effect of major life events?
authors: jacobien niebuur, aart c. liefbroer, nardi steverink, nynke smidt
abstract: the aim of the current study is to investigate which major life events are associated with transitions into and out of volunteering over the life course and, especially, why these associations exist. social production function theory is used to derive hypotheses, which are tested using longitudinal data (adult subsample) from lifelines. associations between major life events and (a) volunteer take-up, nonvolunteer sample (n = 59,773) and (b) volunteer cessation, volunteer sample (n = 32,143) are studied by applying linear probability modeling. results show clear associations between specific major life events and starting and quitting volunteering. the influence on the latter is stronger than on the former. most findings are in line with our theory-based expectations indicating that (a) voluntary work contributes especially to the fulfillment of the needs for status, stimulation, and behavioral confirmation and (2) life events causing losses (gains) in these needs are associated with a higher likelihood to take-up (quit) volunteering.
2. title: comparing the effectiveness of post-scandal apologies from nonprofit and commercial organizations: an extension of the moral disillusionment model
authors: cassandra m. chapman, matthew j. hornsey, heidi mangan, nicole gillespie, stephen la macchia, steven lockey
abstract: there is a double standard in public responses to scandals: nonprofits are penalized more harshly than commercial organizations for the same transgression (the �moral disillusionment effect�). however, previous research�focused on commercial organizations�has sometimes shown that a positive reputation can insure organizations against the negative effects of scandals. in light of this, we asked whether a second double standard exists when it comes to trust repair: can nonprofits regain trust and consumer support more quickly than commercial organizations after apologizing? two experiments (combined n = 805), considering responses to sexual exploitation and fraud scandals, replicated and extended the moral disillusionment effect. trust and consumer support were partially restored following an apology (and even a statement acknowledging the scandal without apologizing), but the rate of repair was the same for nonprofits and commercial organizations. nonprofit managers should therefore implement internal controls to prevent violations and issue public responses when scandals emerge.
3. title: engaging your feelings: emotion contagion and public engagement on nonprofit organizations� facebook sites
authors: zongchao cathy li, yi grace ji, weiting tao, zifei fay chen
abstract: this study investigated nonprofit organizations� (npos) emotion-based content strategies on facebook and publics� engagement behaviors. more than 52,000 facebook posts and corresponding comments were collected from the top 100 npos in the united states. the emotion-carrying status and valence of the messages were analyzed with computer-assisted sentiment analysis procedures. results confirmed emotion-carrying posts and posts with negative emotions led to increased public engagement as indexed by the volumes of likes, shares, and comments. the presence of emotions and valence of the npos� posts were also found to have a diffusion effect on user comments.
4. title: the nonprofit starvation cycle: does overhead spending really impact program outcomes?
authors: hala altamimi, qiaozhen liu
abstract: the nonprofit starvation cycle raises a fundamental question about the impact of overhead spending on nonprofit program outcomes and organizational effectiveness. we test this relationship using data on the u.s. nonprofit arts and cultural subsector from 2008 to 2018. contrary to the conventional wisdom that lower overhead is better, the results of different model specifications consistently show an optimal level of overhead captured by an inverted u-shaped relationship between the overhead cost ratio and program outcomes. increased spending on overhead can improve program outcomes up to the optimal point. beyond this point, further spending on overhead can yield negative returns. the study contributes to correcting the unrealistic expectations surrounding overhead costs and argues for investing more in building sustainable nonprofit capacity. we discuss the implications of our findings for nonprofit charity monitors, donors, scholars, and other stakeholders concerned about nonprofit accountability and effectiveness.
5. title: the philanthropic poor: prosocial behavior in rural india
authors: h. daniel heist, marquisha lawrence scott, ram a. cnaan, m. s. moodithaya, matthew r. bennett
abstract: the study of philanthropy has largely been the purview of the wealthy and privileged in western societies. however, the act of giving transcends race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, and socioeconomic conditions. this article adds to the philanthropic literature by providing empirical evidence of the prosocial behaviors of rural villagers throughout india. using responses from a large-scale, door-to-door survey (n=3,159), we found that high percentages of rural indians regularly engage in both formal and informal giving and volunteering. even among generally poor, rural indian villagers, socioeconomic indicators still matter (with the exception of education), and minority religions and lower social groups tend to exhibit higher levels of prosocial behavior than dominant religious and social groups.
6. title: cultural capital and volunteering: a multilevel study from china
authors: zhiming liu, haiwei jia
abstract: in this article, we extend wilson and musick�s concept of cultural capital, which was defined as the culture of benevolence, to a multilevel concept and build a multilevel cultural capital theory about individual (nonmandatory) volunteering based on religious beliefs, political values, belief in social justice, and belief in social trust in the context of volunteering in china. data from the 2012 chinese general social survey, china�s national and comprehensive large-scale social survey project, are used to empirically investigate the influences of individual-level cultural capital (values of benevolence) and contextual-level cultural capital (cultural climate of benevolence) on individual volunteering. in terms of individual-level cultural capital, membership in the chinese communist party (china�s ruling party), belief in social justice, and belief in social trust have significant positive relationships with individual volunteering. in terms of contextual-level cultural capital, the religious climate and justice climate in a province have significant positive effects on individual volunteering.
7. title: nonprofit financial response to immigration
authors: claire le barbenchon, lisa a. keister
abstract: nonprofit organizations are important actors in local communities, providing services to vulnerable populations and acting as stewards for charitable contributions from other members of the population. an important question is whether nonprofits spend or receive additional revenues in response to changes in the populations they serve. because immigrant populations both receive and contribute to nonprofit resources, changes in immigrant numbers should be reflected in changing financial behavior of local nonprofits. using data from the national center for charitable statistics and the american community survey, we study whether nonprofit financial transactions change in response to changes in the local immigration population, the nature of the change, and the degree to which these changes vary by nonprofit type. findings suggest that nonprofit financial behavior changes with growth and decline in immigrant populations underscoring the importance of nonprofits as service providers and contribute to an understanding of how organizations respond to external forces.
8. title: evolving crisis and changing networks: ngos� stakeholder engagement on the global refugee crisis
authors: jingyi sun, aimei yang, adam j. saffer
abstract: nongovernmental organizations (ngos) increasingly utilize social media for strategic stakeholder engagement. this study proposes a network-oriented theoretical framework to understand how ngos� engagement with complex networks of stakeholders on the global refugee issue varies as the issue moves from low to high public attention stages. we draw from research on multistakeholder issue networks and issue niche theory and analyze a large-scale twitter data set containing tweets from hundreds of organizations from more than 30 countries. this cross-national, longitudinal study tracks issue evolution and ngos� tie formation patterns among themselves and with complex stakeholders (i.e., government and media) as public attention to the refugee issue increases. the results of our exponential random graph models (ergms) show how cross-sector stakeholders interact dynamically and how different issue identities position ngos uniquely in issue niches as the issue evolves. we also find that organizations� country-level homophily influences tie formation. theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
9. title: capital structure and debt maturity in nonprofit organizations
authors: inigo garcia-rodriguez, m. elena romero-merino, marcos santamaria-mariscal
abstract: this article examines the capital structure and debt maturity in nonprofit organizations (npos). in particular, we analyze whether these financing decisions are made as expected according to the two main theories used to explain the capital structure, that is, the trade-off and pecking order theories. to do so, we study the associations between npos� indebtedness and their size, age, tangibility, liquidity, profitability, risk, and growth. we use fixed effects, probit, and heckman selection models with unbalanced panel data containing 8,721 charities in the united kingdom for the period 2011�2018 (60,222 year-obs). our results show that the financing patterns of npos are consistent with the arguments of the pecking order theory. we also find that less than half of our sample uses long-term debt. moreover, debt maturity is longer in larger npos, those with more tangible assets, or those with higher liquidity.
10. title: voluntary association participation and white ethnic diversity in rural iowa communities
authors: matthew a. painter
abstract: membership in voluntary associations is of core importance to civil society. in this study, i build on the large literature that focuses on how community racial/ethnic diversity affects individuals� joining of�and participation within�voluntary associations. the central focus is on white ethnicity or european ancestry, which i analyze using the 2004 iowa community survey and 2000 u.s. census data. i find that white ethnic diversity is associated with fewer overall memberships and less frequent participation, with differing effects for various large groupings of voluntary organizations. i close our study by discussing the implications of my findings for organizations and the broader community.
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